1. Noun Notes A person, place thing or idea.

2. Common Nouns  A general name for a person, place thing or idea  Not usually capitalized  Examples: astronaut, planet, mission  Sentence: The space mission was a disaster.

3. Proper Nouns  The name of a particular person, place, thing or idea.  Always capitalized  Examples: Sally Ride, Jupiter, Apollo 13  Sentence: The Challenger exploded soon after takeoff.

4. Concrete Nouns  A thing that can be seen, heard, smelled, touched, or tasted.  Examples: sunlight, explosion, fuel, rocks, moon, ice  Sentence: The astronauts collected rocks from the moon.

5. Abstract Nouns  An idea, feeling, quality or characteristic  Examples: exploration, excitement, lightness, courage  Sentence: They felt great excitement as they explored.

6. Collective Nouns  Names a group of people or things  Examples: Community, audience, panel, crowd, class, government, staff  Sentence: A panel of scientists presented their findings.

7. Singular Nouns  Names one person, place, thing, or idea.  Examples: star, planet, galaxy, belief  Sentence: An astronomer saw a star.

8. Plural Nouns  Names more than one person, place, thing, or idea.  Examples: stars, planets, galaxies, beliefs  Sentence: The astronomers saw many stars

9. Spelling Rules: Plurals 1) Add –s to most nouns star = stars planet = planets 2) Add –es to a noun that ends in “s”, “sh”, “ch”, “x”, or “z” gas = gasesdish = dishes 3) Add –s to most nouns that end in “o” radio = radios Add –es to a few nouns that end in “o” Add –es to a few nouns that end in “o” hero = heroes

10. Spelling Rules: Plurals 4) For most nouns ending in “y” change the “y” to an “i” and add –es galaxy = galaxies When a vowel comes before the “y”, just add –s When a vowel comes before the “y”, just add –s ray = rays 5) For most nouns ending in “f” or “fe” change the “f” to a “v” and add –es or –s half = halveslife = lives Just add –s to a few nouns that end in “f” or “fe” belief = beliefs

11. Spelling Rules: Plurals 6) For some nouns, keep the same spelling sheep = sheepspecies = species 7) Some plurals of some nouns are formed in irregular ways man = menchild = children foot = feetmouse = mice

12. Possesive Nouns  The form of a noun showing ownership  Sentence: Rudy’s teacher discussed the Martian atmosphere.  Sentence: Inez could see Mars through her father’s telescope.

13. Spelling Rules: Possessives 1) If the possessive noun is singular, add an apostrophe and an –s Mars = Mars’splanet = planet’s 2) If the possessive noun is plural and ends with an “s” just add an apostrophe canals = canals’rocks = rocks’ 3) If the possessive noun is plural and doesn’t end with an “s”, add an apostrophe and an –s women = women’schildren = children’s

14. Compound Nouns  2 or more words combined to make a single noun.  Could be written as: 1) A single word – liftoff, spacecraft 2) 2 or more separate words - rocket engine, peanut butter 3) Hyphenated word – light-year, mother- in-law

15. Compound Nouns  When making a compound noun written as 2 or more separate words or hyphenated words plural, make the main noun plural rocket engine = rocket engines mother-in-law = mothers-in-law