1. Adaptive Hypermedia and The Semantic Web Dr. Alexandra Cristea a.i.cristea@warwick.ac.uk http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~acristea/

2. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 Overall Plan Site –http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~acristea/AHRO07 Theory –at lectures: 3x2 hours total –Theoretical exam at the end: 1hour 30minutes Practical tasks (only for those who passed theory) –Maurice Hendrix, maurice@dcs.warwick.ac.uk –General explanation: 3 hours –2 Tasks: in groups / individual: 2x1.5 hours tasks will be given at lectures and explained again in detail before starting the actual group work –Practical exam (1 hour) and questionnaires (50min)

3. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 Outline Theory 1.Adaptive Hypermedia of Past, Present and Future Example systems and applications 2.Authoring for Adaptive Hypermedia AH Authoring reference architecture: LAOS 3.Semantic Web Semantic Desktop

4. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 Definitions Why AH? Application areas What to adapt? Adapt to what? How to adapt - past? Obstacles AH New solutions 1. Adaptive Hypermedia of the Past, Present and Future

5. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 + presentation m.

6. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 What is Adaptive Hypermedia? Hypermedia –different media types used in a single application (text, images, sound, video, …) –non-linear structure with navigation through hyper-links Adaptive –application forms a model of the context in which it is used (user, place, time, device, etc.) –application adapts to that context (can show different information, different media, different links, etc.) –adaptation and user/ presentation modeling interact with each other (or else we say the application is adaptable, not adaptive) is more than the Web!!

7. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 Index Definitions Why AH? Application areas What to adapt? Adapt to what? How to adapt - past? Obstacles AH New solutions

8. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 The need for personalization

9. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 Why AH? Problems with hypermedia applications: –information overload: no time or interest to process all –excessive navigational freedom: lost in hyperspace which links are relevant (for this user) ? –comprehension: order (a.o.) may be relevant: what has the user seen before when reaching a certain node? –presentation: what fits the users screen? how much network bandwidth and processing power is available?

10. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 Index Definitions Why AH? Application areas What to adapt? Adapt to what? How to adapt - past? Obstacles AH New solutions

11. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 Application areas AH Areas –Education –Commerce –Government –others Adaptation types –Adaptive Help –Adaptive Search –Expert systems – AI –others

12. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 Index Definitions Why AH? Application areas What to adapt? Adapt to what? How to adapt - past? Obstacles AH New solutions

13. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 What can be adapted? – classical views Adaptive presentation: –change which information is shown –change how that information is shown Adaptive navigation support: –change which links are shown –change how these links are shown –change the link destinations

14. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 Adaptive Presentation

15. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 Adaptive Navigation Support

16. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 Example from 2L690 Before reading about Xanadu the URL page shows: –… In Xanadu (a fully distributed hypertext system, developed by Ted Nelson at Brown University, from 1965 on) there was only one protocol, so that part could be missing. … After reading about Xanadu this becomes: –… In Xanadu there was only one protocol, so that part could be missing. …

17. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 ISIS Tutor with Link Annotation The wrong example:

18. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 Example from Interbook 1. Concept role 2. Current concept state 3. Current section state 4. Linked sections state 4 3 2 1

19. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 TV Scout: Whats on Tonight?

20. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 TV Scout: Forms and Graphical Interface

21. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 Index Definitions Why AH? Application areas What to adapt? Adapt to what? How to adapt - past? Obstacles AH New solutions

22. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 Adapt to what? User user model (UM) Goals goal model (GM) Domain domain model (DM) Environment presentation model (PM)

23. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 User modelling is always about guessing …

24. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 Classical User Model: Overlay UM users knowledge = subset of experts knowledge goal of tutoring: to enlarge this subset. This model is particularly appropriate when the (teaching) material can be represented as a prerequisite hierarchy.

25. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007

26. Adapt to what (else)? Knowledge about the subject domain (and possibly also knowledge about the system) Preferences Interests Learning or cognitive styles Background: profession, language, prospect, capabilities, experience, age Navigation history

27. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 Adapt to what? User user model (UM) Goals goal model (GM) Domain domain model (DM) Environment presentation model (PM)

28. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 Adapt to what? Goal (initial) purpose of the hypermedia answer to question –Why should the user use the hypermedia system and what could the user actually achieve? Goals can be local or global. –Local goals may changed quite often. For example, the problem-solving goal is a local one, which changes from one educational problem to another several times within a session. –Global goal can be the pedagogical / commercial goal.

29. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 Adapt to what? User user model (UM) Goals goal model (GM) Domain domain model (DM) Environment presentation model (PM)

30. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 Adapt to what? Adapt to Domain model properties

31. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 Adapt to what? User user model (UM) Goals goal model (GM) Domain domain model (DM) Environment presentation model (PM)

32. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 Context / environment –aspects of the users environment, like browsing device, window size, network bandwidth, processing power, quality of service, etc. Adapt to what?

33. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 Index Definitions Why AH? Application areas What to adapt? Adapt to what? How to adapt? Obstacles AH New solutions

34. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 Adaptation model How do the previous models interact (schematic model) The only dynamic part of the model Traditionally, a set of rules

35. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 Classic loop (Brusilovsky, 01) ++ / Presentation Model

36. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 Adaptive vs. adaptable adaptable adaptive personalized User-tuned System-tuned

37. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 Gerhard Fischer 1 HFA Lecture, OZCHI2000

38. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 A Comparison between Adaptive and Adaptable Systems Gerhard Fischer 1 HFA Lecture, OZCHI2000

39. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 Index Definitions Why AH? Application areas What to adapt? Adapt to what? How to adapt - past? Obstacles AH New solutions

40. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 New, dynamic view of AH t ext link Bits & pieces Bit contains text, MM or link Generation: -only text -only link -text & link t ext link

41. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 Solutions in short Standardization Authoring Openness New theoretical frameworks needed! New implementations!

42. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 Demo http://prolearn.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/

43. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 Concluding Adaptive Hypermedia of Past, Present & Future –Definitions –Why AH? –Application areas –What to adapt? –Adapt to what? –How to adapt - past? –(some) New solutions

44. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 New IAS projects on this ALS Minerva project Prolearn

45. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 ALS project in shortissimo Adaptive Learning Spaces Main aim: how to bring adaptivity at group level? –What changes? –Group of learners –Group of authors 8 institutes representing 7 countries 2 years; started on the 1 st of October 2006

46. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 Prolearn project in shortissimo NoE: they bring birds of a feather together Warwick as new core partner from 1 st January 2007 http://www.prolearn-project.org/ 21 core partners now Hundreds of associate partners (Warwick included)

47. AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007 Any questions?