1. PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems Dr. Alexandra Cristea acristea@dcs.warwick.ac.uk http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~acristea/

2. PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Outline

3. PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Previous summer school.. Adaptation in e-Learning (what, when, how, where … etc.) Authoring (engineering) for adaptation –Framework (LAOS) –Tool (MOT) –Moving from metadata, ingredients.. to recipes (adaptation strategies: LAG) And lots of fun …

4. PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 This time … We presume we have the framework and structure – But we dont want to do it by hand anymore From manual to automatic authoringFrom manual to automatic authoring And of course: lots of fun ….. But later

5. PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Short Reminder: Adaptive vs. adaptable adaptable adaptive personalized User-tuned System-tuned

6. PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Short reminder LAOS, the framework for authoring

7. PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 LAOS authoring framework for AH: domain model (DM), goal and constraints model (GM), user model (UM), adaptation model (AM) and presentation model (PM)

8. PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007

9. Short reminder: LAG, the model for strategies

10. PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 LAG: Layers of Adaptation granularity lowest level: direct adaptation techniques: –adaptive navigation support & adaptive presentation (Brusilovsky 1996), implem.: AHA!; expressed in AHAM syntax –techniques usually based on threshold computations of variable- value pairs. medium level: goal / domain-oriented adaptation techniques: –based on a higher level language that embraces primitive low level adaptation techniques (wrapper) –new techniques: adaptation language (Calvi & Cristea 2002), high level: adaptation strategies – wrapping layers above – goal-oriented Adaptation Assembly language Adaptation Programming language Adaptation Function calls

11. PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Overall structure of the adaptation strategy // Description // Variables initialization () implementation ()

12. PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Motivation Automatic authoring: integration of a generic AH authoring environment MOT into a semantic desktop environment

13. PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Automatic authoring

14. PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Why automatic authoring Make authoring task easier Manual annotation is bottleneck By integrating authoring environment into semantic desktop

15. PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Input Metadata Schema

16. PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Input Metadata Schema (Close-up)

17. PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Semantic Desktop Desktop where everything is stored with extra metadata We uses RDF as storage format Example RDF (also has an XML representation) :

18. PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Output metadata schema

19. PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 MOT: CAF example test tree title tree test\tree\title

20. PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Selection & Rank (concept oriented) where: rank(a,c) is the rank of article a with respect to the current domain concept c; k(c) is the set of keywords belonging to the current domain concept c; k(a) is the set of keywords belonging to the current article a; select x from x {p} y where y like *keyword

21. PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Result added material

22. PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 ADAPT project MOT AHA! WHURLE,Nottingham Blackboard,Southampton

23. PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Ranking Concept oriented Article Oriented where: rank(a,c) is the rank of article a with respect to the current domain concept c; k(c) is the set of keywords belonging to the current domain concept c; k(a) is the set of keywords belonging to the current article a; |S| = the cardinality of the set S, for a given set S.

24. PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Conclusions: automatic authoring semantic desktop is a rich source of metadata about resources as well as relationships between these resources here, it provides automatically generated metadata describing publications and other materials relevant for an advanced course

25. PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Conclusion A teacher for every student? –Yes, its possible with adaptation Not doing it all by hand as an author –Yes, in combination with SD & SW developments Research areas in authoring of adaptive eLearning: –Models, patterns, standards –Visualization of components & processes –Automatic production and reuse: static & dynamic –Interfacing: conversions, module-based, query-based –Adaptive testing –Business models

26. PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Further reading & events Upcoming: A3H@UM07; ICALT07 workshops, tutorial; Practical Hypertext track@Hypertext07: announced on my homepage (www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~acristea) 4 th A3H,A3EH@AH06 Workshop: http://www.win.tue.nl/~acristea/A3H/ 3 rd A3EH@AIED05 workshop: http://wwwis.win.tue.nl/~acristea/AAAEH05/AIED2005.htm 2 nd A3EH@AH04 workshop: http://wwwis.win.tue.nl/~acristea/AH04/workshopAH.htm 1 st A3EH@WBE workshop: http://wwwis.win.tue.nl/~acristea/WBE/ International Peer-Reviewed On-line Journal "Education Technology and Society", Special Issue on Authoring of Adaptive Educational Hypermedia Papers: –http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~maurice/publications.html –2005, Automatic Authoring of Adaptive Educational Hypermedia (copy here), book chapter to appear in "Web-Based Intelligent e-Learning Systems: Technologies and Applications", Zongmin Ma. IDEA Publishing group; authors: A. Cristea and C. Stewarthere –2005, Authoring of Adaptive Hypermedia; Adaptive Hypermedia and Learning Environments (copy here), book chapter to appear in "Advances in Web-based Education: Personalized Learning Environments", Sherry Y. Chen and Dr. George D. Magoulas. IDEA Publishing group; authors: A. Cristea here –2005, Patterns in Authoring of Adaptive Educational Hypermedia: A Taxonomy of Learning Styles (copy here), International Peer-Reviewed On-line Journal "Education Technology and Society", Special Issue on Authoring of Adaptive Educational Hypermedia, July 2005 (Volume 8, Issue 3). authors: Elizabeth Brown, Alexandra Cristea, Craig Stewart and Tim Brailsfordhere –- 2004, What can the Semantic Web do for Adaptive Educational Hypermedia? (copy here) International Peer-Reviewed On-line Journal "Educational Technology and Society" 7(4), Special Issue on Ontologies and the Semantic Web for E-learning, IEEE, LTSC, pp 40-58. author: A. Cristeahere

27. PROLEARN International Summer School 27May – 2June 2007 Workshop Authoring and Engineering Adaptive eLearning Systems Time: 14:00 – 15:30 The workshop will allow hands-on experience with creating adaptive eLearning: data, meta-data and adaptation strategies based on pedagogical foundations. http://prolearn.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/ http://prolearn.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/summerschool2007/