1. AP Psych Review Prologue – Chapter 8

2. Topics Experiments Parts of brain Nervous system Split brain Neurotransmitters Perception Sleep stages Classical conditioning

3. Experiments Hypothesis IV DV Control group Experimental group Design flaws Population/generalization/ sampling Random assignment Bias Confounding variables

4. Parts of the Brain Brainstem Medulla Pons Cerebellum RAS Autonomic functions like circulation, breathing & digestion Relay b/w hindbrain & cerebral cortex Motor movement for balance & accuracy Arousal level (awake or sleepy)

5. Parts of the Brain Limbic system Hypothalamus Thalamus Hippocampus Amygdala Basal ganglia Essential survival structures Controls autonomic NS; basic needs & emotions, pituitary, cycles of consciousness Relay station b/w body & senses (except smell) Formation & storage of new memories Associations b/w emotions & memories Planning & producing movement

6. Parts of the Brain Cerebral cortex Occipital lobes  Primary visual cortex Temporal lobes  Primary auditory cortex  Wernicke’s area Parietal lobes  Primary somatosensory cortex Frontal lobes  Primary motor cortex  Prefrontal cortex  Broca’s area Vision; back of head Hearing; above ears on sides L side; understanding language & sentences Touch info; top back Voluntary movement Core of personality; interpret emotions L side; production of speech; muscles Pinky & the Brain

8. Nervous system CNS Brain Spinal cord PNS Somatic Autonomic  Sympathetic  Parasympathetic

9. Split brain Left hemisphere (R-handed) Verbal Word recognition Math calculation Logic Right hemisphere (L-handed) Nonverbal Drawing Picture/face recognition Inferences re: language LR

10. Neurotransmitters Muscle function; memory Movement Inhibits pain Lowers activity levels Memory; fight or flight Mood & sleep regulation Transmits pain info ACETYLCHOLINE DOPAMINE ENDORPHINS GABA NOREPINEPHRINE SEROTONIN SUBSTANCE P

11. Perception Gestalt theory Closure Continuation Figure-ground Proximity Similarity

12. Perception Depth perception Monocular cues Linear perspective Overlap Relative size Texture gradient Motion parallax

13. Perception Depth perception Binocular cues Convergence Retinal disparity

14. Sleep Stages Non REM Stage 1  5 minutes  Hypnotic sensations Stage 2  Approximately 20 minutes  Clearly asleep  Sleep spindles  Sleep talking Stage 3  Transitional lasting a few minutes  Begin to see delta waves Stage 4  Approximately 30 minutes  Mostly delta waves  Hard to wake up  Bedwetting  Sleep walking  Night terrors REM  Vivid dreaming  Paralysis  Nightmares Sleep cycle  Awake  Non REM 1,2,3,4,3,2  REM  Non REM  2,3,4,3,2  REM ** as REM gets longer, stages 3 & 4 get shorter

15. Classical conditioning UCS UCR CS CR *Pinky & Pavlov’s Mice Pavlov's Dog Learned Unlearned

16. Pinky & Pavlov’s Mice