2. EXPLORATION

3. 1. Countries like France, Portugal, and Spain wanted to increase their wealth 2. In order to increase their wealth they had to find new trade routes to China and India

4. Better Ships, Better Sailors New Technology: New Technology: Better ships ( The carrack was tough and large). Better ships ( The carrack was tough and large). Improved ship designs made ships faster, stronger, and less likely to sink. Improved ship designs made ships faster, stronger, and less likely to sink. The invention of the compass, astrolabe, and other new tools made navigation safer, easier, more accurate, and more efficient. The invention of the compass, astrolabe, and other new tools made navigation safer, easier, more accurate, and more efficient. With both new designs and new tools, sailors could travel farther, faster, and more accurately. They were also more likely to return home. With both new designs and new tools, sailors could travel farther, faster, and more accurately. They were also more likely to return home.

5. Caravel

6. Caravel small, highly maneuverable small, highly maneuverable The lateen (triangular sail set) sails gave her speed and the capacity for sailing to windward. The lateen (triangular sail set) sails gave her speed and the capacity for sailing to windward. The Nina used by Christopher Columbus was a Caravel. The Nina used by Christopher Columbus was a Caravel.

7. AstrolabeCompass

8. Columbus was born in Italy He wanted to reach India by sailing West from Europe The King and Queen of Spain funded Columbus’ voyage Three ships: The Nina, The Pinta, & the Santa Maria set sail. Columbus landed in The Bahamas. He thought it was India He called the people he encountered…Indians

9. This must be India!

10. Portuguese landSpanish Land Did you guys know that in 1493 the European nations of Spain and Portugal actually divided the world for themselves. They got Pope Alexander VI to create a Line of Demarcation that split the world for the two countries to control. And you guys thought I only knew about Baseball.

11. 1498 Vasco da Gama sailed for Portugal first European to reach India by sea, linking Europe and Asia for the first time.

12. Vespucci made two voyages to the New World He realized that it was large continents, not islands, blocking the way to China AmericaA German mapmaker included the two new continents in his map and named them North and South America in honor of Amerigo Vespucci

13. 1513 Balboa claims the Pacific Ocean for Spain Balboa sailed for Spain He wanted to find a water route through or around the Americas He landed in present day Panama He walked across the isthmus of Panama and became the 1 st European to see the Pacific Ocean Balboa named it the South Sea at the time Balboa made enemies in the Spanish government and was executed.

15. Magellan was Portuguese but sailed for Spain Magellan was Portuguese but sailed for Spain He wanted to reach Asia by sailing west around South America He wanted to reach Asia by sailing west around South America No one knew how big the continent was No one knew how big the continent was Magellan renamed Balboa’s South Sea: The Pacific Ocean Magellan renamed Balboa’s South Sea: The Pacific Ocean First to circumnavigate (sail around) the world. 40,000 miles! First to circumnavigate (sail around) the world. 40,000 miles! Only 18 of the 240 original crew survived. Only 1 of the 5 Only 18 of the 240 original crew survived. Only 1 of the 5ships Magellan was also killed

16. In 1519, the Aztecs welcomed Hernando Cortes and his Spanish conquistadors (Spanish conquerors), thinking they were gods The Spanish took advantage of the Aztecs and conquered the gold filled city of Tenochtitlan The mighty Aztec Empire had fallen A bold conquistador named Francisco Pizarro traveled to South America with 200 soldiers in 1532. The Spanish captured and executed the Incan emperor named Atahualpa By 1535, the Spanish using swords, horses and primitive guns conquered the Incan Empire

17. New plants: Corn Potatoes Tomatoes New Animals More resources New plants: Wheat Barley New Animals: Cattle Pigs Horses Diseases: Small Pox Measles Typhus