1. Chapter 3 Section 1
The Southern Colonies

3. The Southern Economy Southern Economy
Economy was based on commercial agriculture
Based on cash crops
tobacco, cotton, indigo, rice, etc.
Led to the rise of plantations=large farms which required many laborers (live on the farm)

6. Tobacco and the Chesapeake
Between 1620 and 1660, the demand for tobacco was greater than the supply=high prices
the larger quantity of tobacco you produced=the more money you make
Required intense manual labor=large work force
Chesapeake Bay region was perfect for tobacco farming
the bay provided an outlet for trade
Most farms were located by rivers so they could access the bay

7. Chesapeake Bay

9. Indentured Servants Enclosure Movement=poor tenant farmers needed jobs
Were willing to become indentured servants
Met the need for workers for the tobacco farmers
Also b/c of the headright system, it gave the tobacco farmers more land=increase in tobacco production

10. Indentured Servants

11. Rice and Indigo in South Carolina
S.C. proprietors had hoped to grow sugarcane and rice=failed
In 1690, new type of rice was introduced
Planters from Barbados and Jamaica imported African slaves to cultivate it
Led to rice becoming South Carolina’s cash crop
In the 1740’s, S.C. began to develop another $ crop
17 yr. old Eliza Lucas discovered that indigo needed high ground and sandy soil
Good second crop for rice plantations b/c had different harvesting seasons

13. Indigo Plantation

14. Southern Society Top= Wealthy Landowners->gentry
Huge economic and political influence in South
Plantations functioned as self-contained communities
1600’s plantation
Small
Planters worked w/ indentured servants under difficult conditions
1700’s plantation
Slave labor w/ overseers
Large brick mansions=England’s upper class
Didn’t work their land

15. Southern Society Bottom=Backcountry Farmers
½ indentured servants died b4 they acquired land
½ of those acquired land
Pay for deed and land survey
Pay for tools, seed, and livestock
Plantation owners most land along the rivers
Most landowners in the South lived in the “backcountry”
Referred to as yeomen
Grew some tobacco, practice subsistence farming
Corn, beans, potatoes, barley, and rye
Uneven distribution of wealth b/w the gentry and yeomen would lead to rebellion

16. Gentry

17. Yeomen

18. Bacon’s Rebellion
By the 1660’s, wealthy planters lead by Sir William Berkeley (VA governor) dominated Virginia’s society
He controlled legislature
Appointed who he wanted to the House of Burgesses
Received majority of supporters
Exempted himself and his supporters from taxes
Also stated you must have property to vote= ½ of VA voted (wealthy)

19. Sir William Berkeley

20. Bacon’s Rebellion
Most important issue for colonists was acquiring land
By1670, most land not acquired was claimed by N.A.’s
Wealthy had no interest in backcountry=opposed expansion
In 1675, war b/w backcountry settlers and Susquehannock people
Governor Berkeley built more forts in frontier for protection

21. Bacon’s Rebellion
In April 1676, backcountry farmers met to discuss the situation
Nathaniel Bacon organized his own militia and attacked the N.A.’s
House of Burgesses authorized Bacon to raise a force of 1,000
Allowed free men to vote
Took away tax exemptions
Bacon still wasn’t satisfied
He went to Jamestown and seized power, charged Gov. Berkeley w/ corruption
Bacon vs. Berkeley until Oct. 1676, Bacon died and his army broke apart

22. Bacon’s Rebellion

23. Bacon’s Rebellion

24. Slavery Increases in Virginia
From 1680, VA colony supported westward expansion
African slaves=replaced indentured servants
Didn’t have to be freed
English government encouraged slavery w/ King Charles establishing the Royal African Company

26. Slavery in the Colonies
Middle Passage=voyage that brought captured Africans to the Americas from Africa
Estimated 10 to 12 million Africans
2 million believed to have died on the voyage
Read pg. 89 Oladuah Equiano
1st Africans arrived in VA in 1619
Were treated like indentured servants
Maryland became the 1st colony to deny their rights in By 1660, most southern colonies limited their rights

29. Olaudah Equiano

30. Slavery in the Colonies
In 1705, VA created a slave code
Became more harsh over time
Denied rights to property and couldn’t testify against white people
Became an accepted institution in colonial society, especially the southern colonies