1. IFRRO, OSLO 21 st October 2009 Pirjo Hiidenmaa President of European Writers' Council Chairperson of the Finnish Non-Fiction Writers' Association

2. Authors and the business models in the digital era Authors with a publisher Authors without a publisher

3. With a publisher Audiobooks E-books Internet publications Nowadays, mostly by-products of the print book. Readers, consumers' attitudes and technology improving. Contracts are the bottle-neck.

4. Existing models Educational texts Usually by-products of a print book. Academic texts Usually free for users (students, university teachers) Licenced for libraries.

5. Without a publisher Internet as a working tool for writing: collective and interactive creation of works. Internet as a tool to promote books (print, e- books, audiobooks): Blogs FAQ Chat Facebook etc.

6. Special cases Researchers and Open Access New products for special readers: Auditive, visual means for disabled readers Plain language texts Translations for text mining

7. Where is the money? Selling books in various forms on various platforms. Selling the expertise of the writer: lectures, opinions, columns. Selling fan products, keeping in touch with readers and strengthening the brand.

8. The variety of authors Professional authors who live on their writing. Academic authors: not for money but for reputation and career. Part-time authors: writing as a hobby. Writing as a by-product af other activieties.

9. The variety of products Books Shorter texts: columns, blogs, critiques Extratextual activities: lectures, visits Non-text products: fan products Authors' virtual societies: Facebook, websites

10. The variety of purposes Entertainment Education Additional education (life long learning) News and communication

11. The future Should authors get money for showing their texts? Databases of specialised articles for various purposes. Licensing / selling texts, books or chapters. Scanning, digitising print books and selling one- by-one or licencing collectively.

12. No texts… …without an author: TEXTS DON’T GROW IN TREES!