1. U.S. History Chapter 18 Lecture Notes

2. The United States seeks an Empire ► 1.Policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, and/or military control over weaker territories. ► Imperialism ► 2.Author of The Influence of Sea Power upon History urging the United States to modernize and enlarge its Navy. ► Alfred T. Mahan

3. Purchasing Alaska, pays off later ► 3.United States Secretary of State, he authorized the purchase of Alaska. ► William Seward ► 4.Two nicknames for Alaska given to it because of its perceived lack worth. Later when gold and oil were discovered in the region, those nicknames were dismissed. ► “Seward’s Icebox” ► “Seward’s Folly”

4. Annexation of Hawaii ► 5.Port that became home to the United States Pacific Fleet based in Hawaii. ► Pearl Harbor ► 6.American sugar planter that led a rebellion against the Queen of Hawaii, deposed her, the created the Pine Apple Republic. ► Sanford B. Dole ► 7.Queen of Hawaii, she proposed a “Hawaii for Hawaiians” agenda, was deposed by American sugar planters. ► Queen Liliuokalani

5. Crisis in Cuba ► 8.Cuban poet and writer that led a war of Independence against Spanish authorities in Cuba. ► Jose Marti ► 9.Spanish General placed in command of forces sent to crush the revolution in Cuba, he was accused of numerous atrocities against Cuban civilians. ► Victoriano Weyler ► 10.Term describing newspapers that printed exaggerated and sensationalized stories with the intent of starting a war with Spain and increasing newspaper sales. ► Yellow Journalism (Yellow Press) ► 11.Photographer sent to Cuba to provide the Yellow Press with pictures to support their wild stories. ► Frederick Remington

6. The U.S. goes after its Empire ► 12.Letter sent by the Spanish Ambassador to the United States back to Spain. It was very critical and insulting of President McKinley giving those who supported war with Spain ammunition. ► De Lome Letter ► 13.United States warship that blew up in the port of Havana. The Spanish were blamed for the explosion and the “murder” of over 200 American sailors. ► U.S.S. Maine

7. War makes some men heroes ► 14.Volunteer Cavalry Regiment organized by former Assistant Secretary of the Navy and Future President Theodore Roosevelt. ► The Rough Riders ► 15.The Rough Riders became heroes for their heroic “Charge up ______ Hill”. ► San Juan

8. Mo Empire, Mo Problems ► 16.Treaty that ended the Spanish-American War and ceded Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam to the United States. ► Treaty of Paris of 1898 ► 17.Act of Congress that ended United States military occupation of Puerto Rico and set up a civilian government. ► Foraker Act ► 18.Supreme Court decision that the United States Constitution did not automatically apply to people in acquired territories. ► The Insular Cases ► 19.Amendment to the Cuban Constitution that reserved, for the United States, the right to intervene in Cuban Affairs and gave the United States a lease for a Naval Base at Guantanimo Bay. ► The Platt Amendment ► 20.Led Philippine rebellions against both the occupation governments of Spain and, later, the United States. ► Emilio Aguinaldo

9. Gaining a foothold in the rich “China Market” ► 21.United States Secretary of States that sent letters to the representatives of Great Britain, France, Russia, and Japan demanding that free trade be opened up in China. ► John Hay ► 22.Term describing Hay’s proposal for Free Trade in China. ► Open Door Policy ► 23.Rebellion against western oppression led by a secret society in China. The U.S. used the rebellion to open trade in China. ► Boxer Rebellion

10. Getting involved in the World ► 24.Treaty ending the Russo-Japanese War, Treaty was mediated by President Theodore Roosevelt. ► Treaty of Portsmouth ► 25.Canal dug through the Isthmus of Panama, became a military and commercial link between the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean. ► The Panama Canal (“The Big Ditch”)

11. Enforcing the Monroe Doctrine ► 26.Describes Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy, which caused the United States to act as an “international policeman” in Latin America. ► The Roosevelt Corollary ► 27.William Howard Taft’s foreign policy related to Latin America. It featured U.S. Banks backing the debts of Latin American nations in exchange for control over various national industries. Example being U.S. Banks given control over the national railroad in Nicaragua. ► Dollar Diplomacy ► 28.Woodrow Wilson’s foreign policy, Recognizes only pro- American, Democratic governments in Latin America. ► The Missionary Policy