1. JAZZ CCHS Academic Team

2. Scott Joplin – 1867-1917 King of Ragtime Born in Texas – moved to St. Louis Maple Leaf Rag The Entertainer A Guest of Honor: Lost first opera Opera: Treemonisha (not staged until 70’s) Died of syphilis Maple Leaf Rag Maple Leaf Rag

3. W.C. Handy – 1873-1958 Father of the Blues Educated musician who incorporated folk influences “Memphis Blues” “St. Louis Blues” St. Louis Blues -- Billie Holiday

4. Joe “King” Oliver – 1881-1938 Band leader and cornet player in “Storyville” red-light district in New Orleans Relocated to Chicago Mentor to Louis Armstrong Armstrong: “If it had not been for Joe Oliver, Jazz would not be what it is today.” Pioneered use of mutes

5. Louis Armstrong 1901-1971 “Satchmo” Cornetist/Vocalist Early popular jazz artist Popularized scat singing (“Heebie Jeebies”) Grew up in Storyville district New Orleans Home for Colored Waifs Replaced King Oliver Relocated to Chicago

6. Louis Armstrong 1901-1971 "Heebie Jeebies“ "West End Blues" "Mack the Knife“ "Ain't Misbehaving" "Hello Dolly“ "What a Wonderful World"

7. Bessie Smith 1894-1937 The Empress of the Blues Grew up in Chattanooga Blues/jazz vocalist Began recording in 1923 in Philadelphia Highest-paid black entertainer of her day Tumultuous personal life (infidelity, bisexuality) Critically injured in car accident "Downhearted Blues“ St. Louis Blues Nobody Knows When You're Down and Out

8. Jelly Roll Morton 1890-1941 Born to Creole family in New Orleans Ragtime/Jazz pianist, composer, bandleader First jazz arranger Great promoter – claimed to have invented jazz Began career as piano player in brothel Moved to Chicago in 1923 Later moved to NYC and Washington, DC "Jelly Roll Blues“ “Black Bottom Stomp” “King Porter Stomp”

9. Duke Ellington 1899-1974 Composer, pianist, bandleader Influenced by ragtime Performed at Cotton Club Prolific writer Collaborated with Billy Strayhorn “Jungle Music”/Washingtonians Famous appearance at Newport Jazz Festival, 1956

10. Duke Ellington 1899-1974 "East St. Louis Toodle-o" "Black and Tan Fantasy“ "Take the A-Train" It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)“ "Mood Indigo“ "Sophisticated Lady“ "Black, Brown, and Beige“ Live at Newport 1956

11. Billie Holiday 1915-1959 Singer/songwriter “Lady Day” Worked in brothel as child Sang with Count Basie and Artie Shaw First black woman to sing with white orchestra Competed with Ella Fitzgerald Arrested on narcotics charges Autobiography: Lady Sings the Blues Died of drug abuse (cirrhosis) "Strange Fruit“ God Bless the Child

12. Ella Fitzgerald 1917-1996 Jazz/swing vocalist “First Lady of Song,” “Queen of Jazz” Light, pure tone, scat singing Competed with Billie Holiday Reached fame with Chick Webb Orchestra at the Savoy Ballroom (Harlem) Collaborated with Count Basie, Duke Ellington, Quincy Jones, Dizzy Gillespie Many appearances on TV shows, films "A-Tisket, A-Tasket" "It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)"

13. Benny Goodman Clarinetist/Big Band leader from CHI “King of Swing” Moved to NYC in 1920’s Arrogant, demanding taskmaster?? 1938 concert at Carnegie Hall (Ellington/Basie) Early integrated orchestra (Teddy Wilson, Gene Krupa, Lionel Hampton) "Sing, Sing, Sing"

14. Artie Shaw – 1910 - 2004 Clarinetist, Composer, Bandleader Also actor & author Born Arthur Jacob Arshawsky Signed Billie Holiday in 1938 Valued experimentation, innovation “Difficult man” – married 8 times!!! "Begin the Beguine“ "Stardust"

15. Glenn Miller 1904-1944 Big Band leader, trombonist Born in Iowa Focused on popular music Disappeared during WWII "In the Mood“ "Moonlight Serenade“ "Chattanooga Choo Choo"

16. Count Basie 1904-1984 Jazz pianist/composer/bandleader Influential in rise of KC jazz Band noted for its rhythm section "One O'Clock Jump“ "April in Paris"

18. Charlie Parker (“Bird”) 1920-1955 Saxophonist/Composer Born in Kansas City Leading figure in development of bebop Hipster/Beat Generation icon Experimented heavily (new chords, etc.) 1939 – Move to NYC Collaborated with Dizzy Gillespie, Thelonius Monk, Max Roach Died of heroin addiction "Yardbird Suite“ "Ornithology“ "Summertime“ "Bird Gets the Worm"

19. Dizzy Gillespie 1917-1993 Jazz trumpeter/bandleader Central figure in rise of bebop Distinctive bent trumpet Often wore beret, horned rims Experimented with Afro-Cuban music "Salt Peanuts“ "Manteca“ "Groovin' High“ "A Night In Tunisia"

20. Dave Brubeck 1920-2012 Cool jazz pianist Born in California Experimented with different time signatures (5/4, 9/8) Album: Time Out "Take Five“ "Blue Rondo A La Turk"

21. John Coltrane 1926-1967 Jazz saxophonist/composer Also played soprano sax Bebop/Hard Bop/Avant-garde jazz Influenced by Charlie Parker Highly influential in modern jazz Played with Thelonius Monk Collaborated with Miles Davis Explored various religions Died of liver cancer (hepatitis? heroin?) "My Favorite Things“ "Giant Steps“ "Blue Train"

22. Thelonius Monk 1917-1982 Jazz pianist/composer Unorthodox style – percussive, hesitations Hats, sunglasses "Round Midnight“ "Blue Monk"

23. Miles Davis 1926-1991 Jazz trumpeter Bebop, hard bop, cool jazz Experimented with jazz fusion Clear tone with little vibrato Birth of the Cool "So What" Kind of Blue Ahead Kind of Blue Sketches of Spain Bitches Brew (fusion)

24. Wynton Marsalis 1961- Jazz trumpeter From family of jazz musicians – son of Ellis (piano) and brother of Branford (sax) Heavily featured in Ken Burns’ Jazz