2. The Progressive Movement

3. Progressive Roots / Goals Pages 682-689 Roots of the Progressives? Role of the Muckrakers Political Goals of the Progressives Social Goals of the Progressives

4. Problems in America In your notes or on scratch paper make a list that answers the following: What are the major problems in America today? Of the problems listed, which can be solved? How? Which of the problems listed existed in the early 1900s? What problems existed in the early 1900s that no longer exist?

5. Progressive Movement Idea = return control of the government to the people, restore economic opportunities, and correct injustices in American life Roots – Social Gospel Movement –Liberal movement within American Protestantism that attempted to apply biblical teachings to problems associated with industrialization Goals – See Details on Next Slide!! –Protect social welfare –Promote moral improvement –Create economic reform –Foster efficiency –Political reform

6. Progressive Movement GOALS 1.Protecting social welfare Settlement houses, soup kitchens, YMCA 2.Promoting moral reform Prohibition 3.Creating economic reform Muckrakers – journalists who wrote about corrupt business and politics 4.Fostering efficiency Scientific management Assembly line production 5.Election reform

7. Settlement Houses Assimilation, Education, Independence

8. Who Will Help?

9. Crowded?

10. PROHIBITIONPROHIBITION Issues: Unemployment Domestic violence Abandonment Are there other reasons? Immigration? Social class? Morality?

11. Muckrakers Definition: To search for and expose misconduct in public life Defenders of the free or forces of evil? What are their motives? Methods? Results?

12. Upton Sinclair – The Jungle “There would be meat that tumbled out on the floor, in the dirt and sawdust, where the workers had tramped and spit uncounted billions of germs. There would be meat stored in great piles in rooms…and thousands of rats would race about on it. A man could run his hand over the piles of meat and sweep off handfuls of the dried dung of rats.”

13. The Jungle - continued “These rats were nuisances, and the workers would put out poisoned bread for them; they would die, and then rats, bread, and meat would go into the hoppers together….There were things that went into the sausage in comparison with which a poisoned rat is a tidbit.”

14. Hungry? Results of The Jungle: Meat inspection act – strict guidelines for meat processing Food and Drug act – halt sale of contaminated foods and medicines and called for truth in labeling

15. Election Reforms Initiative – a bill originated by citizens (not lawmakers) placed on the ballot Referendum – vote on an initiative Recall – ability of voters to remove public officials by forcing them to face election sooner than scheduled 17 th Amendment – direct election of Senators (not state legislatures)

16. Illinois Recall Amendment The Illinois Governor Recall Amendment, appeared on the 2010 ballot in Illinois as a legislatively-referred constitutional amendment where it was approved. The proposal allowed voters to recall the governor and required that at least 20 state representatives and 10 state senators, sign a notice of intent to recall the governor before a petition can begin to be circulated. Why?

18. The ‘Govinater’ Elected by Recall

19. 1904 Election

20. 1904 (other) Candidates Judge Alton B. ParkerEugene Debs Round 2!!!

21. Square Deal / Taft Details of the Square Deal –Labor –Consumer –Conservation Election of 1908 Taft Administration

22. Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal TR –Bark or Bite? –Which issues? –Superhero or myth? Theodore the Meteor!!!!

23. Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal Federal arbitration – 1902 coal strike threatens supply –Government creates a commission to work out a compromise (a new precedent) –Forced arbitration!!! Trust-busting – used Sherman Antitrust Act to sue companies believed to have a monopoly –Original use was to sue Unions now used as intended

24. Square Deal #2 Regulation –Meat inspection act – strict guidelines for meat processing –Food and Drug act – halt sale of contaminated foods and medicines and called for truth in labeling Conservation –Set aside over 200 million acres as National Parks, Forests and Preserves Civil Rights – no improvement!!!!!

25. TR Legacy Contributions –Conservation –Enlarged power and prestige of presidency –Compromise diplomacy –Public opinion as a political weapon –Public awareness of global community

26. 1908 Election

27. Good Old Will Father of Dollar Diplomacy –Increase US investment in strategic areas Trustbuster –2x TR –Standard Oil –US Steel (oops)

28. Bad Old Will Payne-Aldrich Bill –Intended to reduce tariffs instead raises tariffs –Breaks campaign promise and splits Republican Party Ballinger-Pinchot Dispute –Open public lands to corporate development

29. Breaking Up is Hard to Do….. I want my stuff back (old job!) Finders, Keepers, Losers, Weepers!

30. 1912 Election / Wilson Administration 1912 Election –Candidates –Platforms –Outcomes Wilson –Goals –Actions

31. The Republican Party & President William H. Taft

32. Keep the Whistle Blowing Taft was determined to defeat TR and preserve the conservative heart of the Republican Party.

33. Republican Party Platform High import tariffs. Put limitations on female and child labor. Workman’s Compensation Laws. Against initiative, referendum, and recall. Against “bad” trusts. Creation of a Federal Trade Commission. Stay on the gold standard. Conservation of natural resources because they are finite. Traditional Republican values with a Progressive twist.

34. The GOP After the Circus TR  The Republican Party must stand for the rights of humanity, or else it must stand for special privilege.

35. The Progressive Party & Former President Theodore Roosevelt People should rise above their sectarian interests to promote the general good.

36. The Anti- Third-Term Principle

37. The “Bull Moose” Party: The Latest Arrival at the Political Zoo We stand at Armageddon, and we battle for the Lord! ONWARD, CHRISTIAN SOLDIERS!

38. Progressive Party Platform Women’s suffrage. Graduated income tax. Inheritance tax for the rich. Lower tariffs. Limits on campaign spending. Currency reform. Minimum wage laws. Social insurance. Abolition of child labor. Workmen’s compensation. NewNationalismNewNationalismNewNationalismNewNationalism All Progressive!!!!

39. The Socialist Party & Eugene V. Debs The issue is Socialism versus Capitalism. I am for Socialism because I am for humanity.

40. “The Working Class Candidates” Eugene V. Debs Emil Seigel for President for Vice-President

41. Growth of the Socialist Vote Year Socialist Party Socialist Labor PartyTotal 1888 2,068 1890 13,704 1892 21,512 1894 30,020 1896 36,27536,274 1898 82,204 190096,93133,405130,336 1902223,49453,763277,257 1904408,23033,546441,776 1906331,04320,265351,308 1908424,48814,021438,509 1910607,67434,115641,789 1912901,873

42. The Industrial Worker: I. W. W. The first American labor group to open its membership to all wage-earning workers, regardless of skill, nationality, race, sex, or gender.

43. Socialist Party Platform Government ownership of railroads and utilities. Guaranteed income tax. No tariffs. 8-hour work day. Better housing. Government inspection of factories. Women’s suffrage. Goal of Equality!

44. The Democratic Party & Governor Woodrow Wilson (NJ) Could he rescue the Democratic Party?

45. The Reform Governor of NJ: It Takes Time to Remove the Grime

46. Which Way to Jump? Come and play Lawnmower tag With Mr. Dircks

47. Democratic Party Platform Government control of the monopolies  trusts in general were bad  eliminate them!! Tariff reduction. One-term President. Direct election of Senators. Create a Department of Labor. Strengthen the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. Did NOT support women’s suffrage. Opposed to a central bank. NewFreedomNewFreedomNewFreedomNewFreedom

48. Up Against the Hurdles

49. As Big As a Balloon Tariff Reform

50. The Unanswerable Argument for Suffrage

51. Never Again! Taft Abandons Support for Women’s Suffrage

52. TR & Women’s Suffrage: The Militant Recruit TR & Women’s Suffrage: The Militant Recruit

53. Trying to Catch the African American Vote

54. 1912 Ballot

55. Election Results By 1912, 100,000 fewer people had voted for Wilson than had voted for Bryan in 1908. The 1912 election marked the apogee of the Socialist movement in America.

56. GOP Divided by Bull Moose Equals Democratic Victory!

57. 1912 Election Labeled as the Election that changed the century –How? –Why? Choice of political and economic philosophies Democratic – Laissez faire economics and social policy Republican – socially conservative, limited progressive reforms Progressive – activist welfare state

58. Dr. Wilson Jeffersonian Moral wall? Goals –Tariffs Underwood Bill –Banks Federal Reserve Act –Trusts FTC Clayton-Anti Trust Act

59. Income Tax / Federal Reserve System 16 th Amendment – graduated tax on income –Started at 1% and rose to 6% –Today = 20% and up Federal Reserve System –US divided into 12 districts Each district has a federal reserve bank Issue currency, loan money to banks