1. Plant Evolution
Green Algae are the ancestors of today’s land/terrestrial plants.
Early land plants faced many challenges.
A. How to conserve water?
B. How to reproduce on land?
C. How to absorb minerals from rocky surfaces?

2. Plant Classification Review
Plant Kingdom
nonvascular vascular
seed seedless
angiosperms gymnosperms
monocots dicots

3. Plant Classification Review
Nonvascular:
mosses, hornworts, liverworts
____________________________________
Vascular, Seedless:
whisk ferns, club mosses, horsetails, ferns
Vascular, Seed:
Gymnosperms & Angiosperms

4. Gymnosperms- “naked seeds”
Conifers
Ginkgo Tree
Cycad

5. Kinds of Gymnosperms
Conifers
Cycads
Ginkgo
Gnetophytes
Ex: Ephedra

7. MONOCOTS DICOTS Create an Angiosperm Foldable
Divide your paper in half. Label each section as and
MONOCOTS
DICOTS

8. Monocot Dicot Seeds Seeds

9. Parallel leaf venation Net-like leaf venation
Dicot
Monocot
LEAVES
Parallel leaf venation Net-like leaf venation

10. Monocot Dicot
ROOT SYSTEMS
Fibrous Root System Taproot System

11. Monocot Dicot
FLOWER PARTS
Multiples of Multiples of 4 or 5

12. Monocot Dicot
Pollen Grains
Monosulcate Mostly tricolpate

13. Primary vascular bundles scattered Primary vascular bundles in a ring
Monocot Dicot
Stem Structure
(vascular bundles)
Primary vascular bundles scattered
Primary vascular bundles in a ring

14. Dicot: Vascular Bundles

15. Recap There are two types of Vascular Plants that produce Seeds:
Angiosperms & Gymnosperms
Angiosperm seeds develop within a flower.
Angiosperms can be divided into two groups
called Monocots and Dicots
Gymnosperm seeds develop without a sealed
container; called “naked seeds.”

16. Check on your seeds!! What stage are they in?

17. From a Seed to a Seedling
The development of a seed into a seedling is called GERMINATION.
What enables a seed to germinate?
* Seed coat damage
* Exposure to temperature changes
* Penetration of H2O & O2 through the seed coat

18. Importance of Cotyledons
“Cots”- provide food for the embryo.
Once the food is used up, the cotyledons shrivel up and fall off.

19. Can you label a Monocot Seed?
A. Seed coat
B. Endosperm
C. Cotyledon
D. Embryo

20. Can you label a Dicot Seed?
A. Seed coat
B. Endosperm
C. Cotyledon
D. Embryo

21. Fruit and Seed Dispersal
Three common ways fruit and seeds are dispersed:
Wind
Animals (bees, butterflies, birds, bats)
Water

22. Fruit Classification A fruit is a mature ovary.
Fruits can be classified using these two characteristics:
How many flowers or pistils form the fruit?
Is the fruit dry or fleshy?

23. Use the Chart on Page 619 What type of fruit is a Watermelon?
What type of fruit is a Pineapple?
What type of fruit is a Green Pea?
What type of fruit is an Apple?
What type of fruit is Corn or Wheat?

24. Flowers of Monocots & Dicots
Flowers and Seeds
of Monocots & Dicots
Objectives:
Today in lab, students will be able to:
Identify the parts of a flower.
2. Identify monocots and dicots based on type of flower and/or type of seed.
3. Properly label a flower diagram and seed diagram.

25. 1 2

26. 1 2
1 & 2

27. Examples of Angiosperms

28. Monocots vs. Dicots

29. FLOWER DISSECTION

30. Lily A B D C

31. Lily

32. A C B

33. Style
Stigma
Ovary

34. A C B

35. Anther
Stamen
Filament

36. Stamens and Pistil

37. C F E A D B

38. P S
P = Petal; S= Sepal

39. A B

40. Sepals
Bud

41. sepals
petals
stamens
pistil
bract

42. FUNCTIONS OF FLOWER STRUCTURES

43. Functions of flower structures

44. Sepal

45. Sepals- protects the flower while it is a bud

46. Petals

47. Sepals- protects the flower while it is a bud
Petals- attract insects and animals to aid in pollination

48. Stamen A C B
What’s that?

49. Sepals- protects the flower while it is a bud
Petals- attract insects and animals to aid in pollination
Stamens- male part of the flower which includes the anther and filament; it produces pollen.

50. Anther

51. Sepals- protects the flower while it is a bud
Petals- attract insects and animals to aid in pollination
Stamens- male part of the flower which includes the anther and filament; it produces pollen.
Anther- produce and release pollen to the stigma of the same or another flower for reproduction.

52. Anther
Stamen
Filament

53. Anther- produce and release pollen to the stigma of the same or another flower for reproduction.
Filament- elevates the anther away from the flower for pollen dispersal and transports nutrients to the anther.
Pollen- contains sperm for fertilization.

54. Pistil

55. Anther- produce and release pollen to the stigma of the same or another flower for reproduction.
Filament- elevates the anther away from the flower for pollen dispersal and transports nutrients to the anther.
Pollen- contains sperm for fertilization.
Pistil (Carpel)-female part of the flower which includes the stigma, style and ovary; it produces ovules, which are similar to eggs in animals. Produces seeds and fruit.

56. Stigma

57. Anther- produce and release pollen to the stigma of the same or another flower for reproduction.
Filament- elevates the anther away from the flower for pollen dispersal and transports nutrients to the anther.
Pollen- contains sperm for fertilization.
Pistil (Carpel)-female part of the flower which includes the stigma, style and ovary; it produces ovules, which are similar to eggs in animals. Produces seeds and fruit.
Stigma- collects pollen on its surface and aids in fertilization

58. A C B

59. Style
Stigma
Ovary

60. Style Where is it located? What does it do?B C

61. Style Where is it located? What does it do?

62. Pollen- contains sperm for fertilization.
Pistil (Carpel)-female part of the flower which includes the stigma, style and ovary; it produces ovules, which are similar to eggs in animals. Produces seeds and fruit.
Stigma- collects pollen on its surface and aids in fertilization
Style- elevates the stigma to collect pollen

63. Ovary Where is it located? What does it do?B C

64. Ovary Where is it located? What does it do?B
Ovary

65. Pollen- contains sperm for fertilization.
Pistil (Carpel)-female part of the flower which includes the stigma, style and ovary; it produces ovules, which are similar to eggs in animals. Produces seeds and fruit.
Stigma- collects pollen on its surface and aids in fertilization
Style- elevates the stigma to collect pollen
Ovary- produce ovules (eggs); when fertilized ovules become seeds and fruits.

66. STOP HERE!

67. FERTILIZATION

68. A

70. Fruit Development A B

71. Fruit Examples with only 1 seed

72. 1 2 3 4 7 6 5

73. Example of fruit with multiple seeds

74. Hibiscus

75. E F A D B C

76. Filament
Anther
Stigma
Sepal
Style
Petals

77. B A

79. Stigmas

80. Pistil & Stamens

83. Anther

85. Underside of Hibiscus
Petal
Sepal

86. Confusing Flowers
Flowers with spurred petals.  Count them.  There are five.  This is a dicot, and the netted venation of the leaves will bear this out.  The plant is a colombine, Aquilegia canadensis, and the number of spur this time is always five.  

87. What is a “spur?”
Petals often develop a nectar-containing extension of the tubular corolla, called a spur.
This may involve one petal, as in the larkspur (Delphinium),
This may also involve all the petals, as in columbine (Aquilegia)
(Both members of the family Ranunculaceae.)