1. PLANTS REVIEW

2. Plants Review - #1 When a plant begins the process of germination, describe what it is doing. – The germinating plant is starting to sprout and grow. In both monocots and dicots, this process starts with the root extending from the seed.

3. Plants Review - #2 You notice that the large leafed plant in your house needs to be watered much more often than the small leafed plant. Both plants are the same height and width. Explain why this is the case and be sure to name the process involved! ⁻Transpiration is the process of plants releasing excess water through the stomata in their leaves. ⁻The plant with more leaf surface area has more stomata and will release more water, so it needs to be watered more often. ⁻Stomata also let in the carbon dioxide needed for photosynthesis and let out the oxygen.

4. Plants Review - #3 All species of organisms that reproduce sexually, undergo a process called fertilization. What is it and how does it work in plants? – Fertilization occurs with the nucleus of a sperm cell (male) joins with the nucleus of an egg cell (female). – In plants this happens when pollen (sperm) enters the stigma and joins with one of the many ovules (eggs) inside of the ovary.

5. Plants Review - #4 Humans consume and digest food to gain the energy needed to perform life processes. Name and explain the process that plants use to gain energy. – Photosynthesis is the process that plants use to transform light energy from the sun into chemical energy they can use. – This is done by combining carbon dioxide, water and sunlight. – The products of photosynthesis are oxygen and glucose (sugar). – Chloroplasts are the organelles that perform this process.

6. Plants Review - #5 Define pollination and explain the different types in detail. ⁻Pollination is the process of pollen being transferred from the male part of a plant (stamen) to the female part (pistil). ⁻There are two types. ⁻Cross-pollination happens when the pollen from one plant is transferred to the pistil of another, usually by an animal or wind. ⁻Self-pollination happens when pollen from a flower enters its own pistil.

7. Plants Review - #6 In a plant’s life cycle it will undergo 5 major processes. Imagine that it is starting as a dormant seed. Put these processes in order of occurrence and be ready to defend/explain your decisions. Fertilization, Photosynthesis, Germination, Pollination, Transpiration – Germination  Photosynthesis/Transpiration  Pollination  Fertilization – Germination comes first because the plant must grow before it can perform any of the other processes. – Photosynthesis and Transpiration begin as soon as the plant has leaves and continue throughout the plant’s life cycle. – Pollination happens when the plant has matured enough to reproduce. – The process of transferring pollen leads to fertilization.

8. Plants Review - #7 Describe some differences between vascular and non- vascular plants. – Non-vascular plants – hug the ground or live in VERY wet climates – no roots or stems with xylem & phloem to pull water – algae (live in water) and mosses/ liverwort plants (live nearby water) cartage.org.lb njOi.blogspot.com

9. Plants Review - #7 Describe some differences between vascular and non-vascular plants. – Vascular plants – usually tall – have roots and stems that pull water up into the plant – Examples are ferns/ horsetails/ gymnosperm & angiosperm plants 123rf.com thebridebouquet.com

10. Plants Review - #8 Describe some differences between gymnosperm and angiosperm plants. – Gymnosperm plants – Typically have cones which hold the seeds (naked seeds) – Can grow tall – Typically have leaves in a needle shape – Examples are pine/ Western Red Cedar/ Douglas Fir/ Hemlock botanicalillustration.blogspot.com

11. Plants Review - #8 Describe some differences between gymnosperm and angiosperm plants. – Angiosperm plants – Typically have flowers and/ or fruit (of some kind) which protect the seeds – Can grow tall – Typically have leaves in a broadleaf shape – Examples are bean/ corn/ rose/ cherry/ sunflower draget.net blog.bluebird-bakeshop.com

12. Plants Review - #9 Describe some parts of a flowering plant. – Pistil & Stamen – Pistil holds the female portion of flower – style, stigma, ovary, ovule – Stamen holds the male portion of flower – filament, anther (pollen) – Examples are Wisconsin Fast Plant/ corn/ bean urbanext.illinois.edu ohioplants.org

13. Plants Review - #10 Describe some differences between monocot and dicot plants. – Monocot – Seed stays underground after germination – Roots grow randomly out from base of stem – Xylem/ phloem spaced randomly – Leaf veins are parallel urbanext.illinois.edu fineartamerica.com —Flower groupings are typically in threes

14. Plants Review - #10 Describe some differences between monocot and dicot plants. – Dicot – Seed grows up out of ground after germination – Tap root grows down deep – roots branch out – Xylem/ phloem arranged in a ring – Leaf veins are branching golopafu.comoj.com —Flower groupings are typically in fours or fives