1. Emergence of Federal Government Activism, 1900-1941 There was a Rise of Progressivism, Then A Return to “Normalcy” Followed by A “New Deal” for the Peeps!!!

2. Historical Overview Early 19 th Century –Second Great Awakening Triggered Examples? Late 19 th Century –Civil War/Reconstruction Era Triggered Examples? –Industrial Revolution Triggered Examples?

3. Historical Overview Continued Early 20 th Century Progressive Reform –Triggered by Lingering Gilded Age Issues –Government Reform Limited to Mid-20 th Century New Deal Reform –Triggered by The Great Depression –Government Takes Responsibility for

4. Progressivism Introduction 1900-1917 Industrial Inheritance Legislative Reluctance Cultural Effects of Industrial Transformation The Progressive Movement Defined

5. What Problems were Progressives trying to solve? Lingering Gilded Age IssuesIssues Others?

6. What were their goals? Social Economic Political Geographical

7. Initially Broad Based Reform Actions Taken Series of Disjointed Sub-movements (Chart) –Muckrakers –Socialists –Urban Poor AdvocatesUrban Poor Advocates –Feminists –Moralists –Scientific Management

8. National Progressive Appeal Emerged Government Led Policy Reform Examples (Chart) National Impact Required Moderation National Progressive Leaders –TR “New Nationalism” –WW “New Freedom” –Is New Freedom a “warmed over” New Nationalism?

9. Progressive Impact? 1.Limited Government Activism 2.Middle-Class grassroots reform tradition 3.Government business/financial Regulation to protect consumer 4.Conservation tradition 5.Civil Equality Ignored

10. How effective was the resulting reform? Historical Interpretations –Traditionalists –Revisionists –New Left –Organizational School –Social Feminists

11. Who were they? Characteristics

12. What was their Intent? Improve weaknesses within existing social system Create new social system

13. Liberal or Conservative Triumph? See L40 and Discussion Questions

14. Lingering Gilded Age IssuesIssues Industrialization –Harnessing of Industrial Resources Oil (refined into kerosene and gasoline) Steel (Bessemer and open-hearth Processes) –RR and building material Electricity (allowed outward growth, affordable power source, appliance and communication) –Created Need for Large labor pool and growing markets Spurred Immigration (See Graph)See Graph –1870-1920 20 million+ IMMIGRANTS Rapid Urbanization (See Graph)See Graph –GESP factors –Promises and Problems Encouraged Adoption of Social Darwinism Philosophy

15. NewNew v. Old Immigrants

16. Urban Population ShiftShift Total U.S. Population –1790 = 3.9 million –1870 = 39.8 million –1900 = 75.9 million –2000 = 281.4 million

17. Impact Nativism –Job Competition –New Non-Protestant Immigrant Religions: Roman Catholicism Eastern Orthodoxy Judaism Worker Exploitation –Poor Living ConditionsPoor Living Conditions –Dangerous Working conditions –Low wages Political Corruption –Political Machines –Federal Government Laissez-faire policy and Anti-trust Legislation Diluted by Supreme Court Rulings

18. Looking BackwardBackward

19. Poor Living Conditions Jacob Riis: Tenement Quarters Dumbbell Tenement

20. Settlement House Movement

21. Social Gospel Movement: Mary Baker Eddy: Christian Science YMCA: Young Men’s Christian Association Dwight Lyman Moody: Moody bible Institute Washington Gladden: “Applied Christianity”

22. Women’s SuffrageWomen’s Suffrage, Pre-1920