1. Haematology

2. Parameter PARAMETER LASERCYTE QBC VETAUTOREAD IMPEDANZ SYSTEM Hct Yes
Hgb
RBC
Retics
Up to 4%
MCV
RDW
MCHC
MCH
WBC
LYM
Yes ( Small )
MONO
Yes ( Middle )
NEU
Yes ( Large )
EOS
Dogs and Cows
BASO
PLT
PCT
PDW
MPV
FIBRINOGEN
NRBC’s

3. Eosinophils Eosinophilia Most frequent causes Least frequent cause
Parasitic and allergic processes
Heartworm, Strongyle, Lung Flukes
Feline asthma, Flea bite dermatitis
Least frequent cause
Neoplasia, Fungal Infecion
Viral Infection ( FeLV )
Eosinopenia
When concurrent with lymphopenia is usually due to stress
QBC in dogs

4. What can cause changes in blood values?
Infections
Bacteria
Viral
Funghi
Inflammation
Intoxication
Stress
Anaemia
Tumors
Bleeding disorders
Autoimmun diseases

5. Why run Haematology inhouse?
Blood samples consist of living cells and should therefore be analysed as quickly as possible, to avoid:
Changes in cells because of storage and transport
To minimise artefacts which can develop if the sample has contact to EDTA for a longer period of time
So treatment decisions are based on todays situation and not yesterdays
Alterungsprozesse: 4h Katze und Hund –8h Pferd
Agglutinieren, Größe und Morphologie verändert sich
Z.B Schwellen Erys nach 6-24 an und können so den HKT fälschlicherweise erhöhen und den MCHC erniedrigen

6. Fresh Sample versus 48hr Sample

7. CBC Granulocytes Agranulocytes Red cells (Erythrocytes)
White cells (Leucocytes)
Granulocytes
- Neutrophiles
- Eosinophiles
- Basophiles
Agranulocytes
- Lymphocytes
- Monocytes
Platelets (Trombocytes)

8. White differentials Typical “2 part” Diff Typical “5 part” Diff
Agranulocytes
Granulocytes
Typical “3 part” Diff
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Typical “5 part” Diff
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Neutrophile Grans
Eosinophile Grans
Basophile Grans
Bezieht sich nur auf Weißes Blutbild beziehungsweise die Unterteilung der Leukozyten in Agran und Gran
Dann Unterscheidung der Agranulozyten in in Lymp/Mono
Dann Gran in N, E, B

9. What differentials do you get with..
QBC Autoread
LaserCyte ?
QBC 2 teilig
Impedanz 3 teilig
Impedance System

10. Why can’t an impedance system give you a 5 part diff SIZE MATTERS !
A) basophil
B) neutrophil
C) eosinophil

11. LaserCyte….
Cells focused into a stream that passes through a laser light that interrogates them.
Light scatter is sensed by four photodiodes.
Time of flight measurement also taken.
Initial RBC count and platelet count taken.
The RBC’s are then lysed using a mild agent.
5 part differential then performed
qualiBeads are run with every sample.
These act as an internal standard for quality assurance.

12. LaserCyte Technologie...

13. QBC Autoread…
The QBC uses centrifugation to separate cells by density.
The ‘float’ in the QBC tube reduces the volume of lumen in the area of the buffy coat.
This causes the cells to be spread out over a greater distance.
Cells take up the ‘acridine orange’ present in the tube (DNA and RNA/Lipoproteins).
Cell types are differentiated by the location and intensity of dye.

14. QBC VetAutoread

15. Coulter® Principle
Impedance counters rely on the Coulter principle. When a particle passes through a narrow orifice, it causes a change in resistance. The magnitude of the change corresponds to cell size and the number of changes corresponds to cell size.

16. Interfering Substances 3 Part Impedance Technology
Giant / Clumped Platelets
Results in erroneously low platelet counts. Erroneously high WBC count. Can also be misclassified as RBC’s.
nRBC’s and unlysed RBC’s
Unable to classify nRBC’s. nRBC’s result in erroneously high WBC count
Excessive eosinophils, metamyelocytes, blasts and plasma cells.
Can cause erroneous monocyte count
Leukaemia and chemotherapy
Harsh lysing agent can damage fragile cells

17. Interfering Substances..
High WBC count
WBC’s counted during RBC count. This can effect the red cell parameters. (Hct, RDW,MCV and RBC)
Agglutinated red cells
Can cause erroneously low RBC and can trap platelets.
Microcytic cells and fragments
Can effect platelet count
Microzyten: sehr kleine Erys, meist degeneriert oder Mangelbildungen

18. Interfering Substances….
How does the operator know if you have abnormal cells present that may affect the results ?
How do they know if the results are due to the clinical condition or erroneous reading caused by abnormal cells?
Would you trust a system that could not flag ‘suspect’ results ?

19. Parameter PARAMETER LASERCYTE QBC VETAUTOREAD IMPEDANZ SYSTEM Hct Yes
Hgb
RBC
Retics
Up to 4%
MCV
RDW
MCHC
MCH
WBC
LYM
Yes ( Small )
MONO
Yes ( Middle )
NEU
Yes ( Large )
EOS
Dogs and Cows
BASO
PLT
PCT
PDW
MPV
FIBRINOGEN
NRBC’s

20. ABC Analyser – The Bad ! No retic information 3 Part Diff
Impedance technology
Interfering substances
160 cycles include calibration / flushes / start up runs etc
No data storage
Few or no flags on abnormal samples
Needs recalibrating every 6 months
Different smart card per species
Problematisch: Thrombozytenagglutinate bei Katzen, aber auch Thrombos und Erys bei Katze generell ähnlich groß
nRBC, Hülle lysiert, Kern nicht wird als Leukozyt gezählt
große Lymphozyten und kleine Neutrophilenkerne werden als Monocyten gezählt
Da nur Partikelgrößenmessung: Fehlinterpretation von Thrombozytenaggregaten, nRBC und großen Thrombozyten als z.B. Leukozyten