1. “Renewability” Joint Committee – Greener Chemical Products and Processes March 12, 2010 Team Lead - Raymond Paulson

2. Outline Definitions Categories ASTM Standards Decision Criteria Placement in the Standard? (TBD)

3. Definitions BIO-BASED MATERIALS Bio-based (Biomass or Renewable) based Materials – Organic material/s containing in whole or part biogenic carbon (carbon from biological sources) Organic Material/s – material (s) containing carbon based compound (s) in which the carbon is attached to other carbon atom (s), hydrogen, oxygen, or other elements in a chain, ring, or three dimensional structures (IUPAC nomenclature) Bio (carbon) Content - The bio content is based on the amount of biogenic carbon present, and defined as the amount of bio carbon in the plastic as fraction weight (mass) or percent weight (mass) of the total organic carbon in the plastic. (ASTM D6866) % Bio or Bio-based content = Bio (organic) carbon/total (organic carbon) * 100

4. Definitions Bio-degradability (aerobic) (a) Composting environment (the first two are specification standards based on using D5338 test method to measure percent biodegradability) ASTM D6400 – Standard Specification for Compostable Plastics ASTM D6868 – Standard Specification for biodegradable plastics used as coatings on paper and other compostable plastics ASTM D5338 – Standard test method for determining aerobic biodegradation of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions (b) Soil environment ASTM D5988 -- Standard Test Method for Determining Aerobic Biodegradation in Soil of Plastic Materials or Residual Plastic Materials After Composting (c) Marine environment ASTM D7081 – Standard Specification for non-floating biodegradable plastics in a marine environment ASTM D6691 – Standard Test Method for Determining Aerobic Biodegradation of Plastic Materials in the Marine Environment by a Defined Microbial Consortium or Natural Sea Water

5. Definitions Bio-degradability (anaerobic) (a) Anaerobic digester environment (biogas energy production) ASTM D5511 – Standard Test Method for Determining Anaerobic Biodegradation of Plastic Materials under High-Solids Anaerobic- Digestion Conditions (b) Landfill environment ASTM D6776 -- Standard Test Method for Determining Anaerobic Biodegradability of Radio-labeled Plastic Materials in a Laboratory- Scale Simulated Landfill Environment ASTM D5526 -- Determining Anaerobic Biodegradation of Plastic Materials under Accelerated Landfill Conditions

6. Categories Renewability Categories –Bio-based Organic Material “source characteristic” not an “effects characteristic” fossil sources are not included –Degradability Determined not to be a Renewability Category –Recovered Resource (Re-use) –Recycled Content Material Note: –Reuse and Recycle of waste chemicals –Chemical inputs as a recovered resource (reuse) or recycled content Greener Processes Addresses in MCE&WP Section

7. Categories RENEWABILITYBIO-BASED MATERIALSCRITERIA Bio-based Content = (Bio-Organic Materials) / (Bio + Non-Bio Organic Materials ) * 100Bio-based Content BIO-DEGRADABILITYCRITERIA Bio-degradability (aerobic) and CompostBio-degrade and Compost Biodegradability (aerobic) and marineBio-degrade and marine Biodegradability (aerobic) and soilBio-degrade and soil Bio-degradability (anaerobic) and anaerobic digestersBio-degrade and anaerobic digesters Bio-degradability (anaerobic) and landfill*Bio-degrade and landfill

8. ASTM Standards CRITERIA ASTM STANDARD Bio-based Content ASTM D6866 CRITERIA ASTM STANDARD Bio-degrade and Compost ASTM D6400, D6868, and D5338 Bio-degrade and marine ASTM D7081 Bio-degrade and soil ASTM D5988 Bio-degrade and anaerobic digesters ASTM D5511 Bio-degrade and landfill ASTM D5526

9. Decision Criteria Answer either question 2 or 3 (mutually exclusive) 1. Is there an established definition? Definable? 2. Is there a validated test? Measurable? 3. Is there a generally accepted methodology, calculation, model? 4. Is the test / method commonly done? (Y or N) YY Y YY Y

10. Example Bio-based Determination E.g. Ethanol –Fossil Source or a Bio-based Source Renewability Determination –ASTM D6866 –Source of ethanol determined to be a bio-based source or a fossil source with this ASTM test method Degradability Determination –Test Material with Appropriate ASTM test methods

11. Current Issues How to incorporate into the Standard? –TBD What is the greener goal/purpose? (TBD) Definitions –There are generally accepted definitions –Spreadsheet created provides categories and ASTM test methods that are well defined and commonly performed Greener Metrics? (TBD) Plan –Renewability Team Continue to Meet to Resolve the Above Current Issues QUESTIONS???