1. SHMD 249 2/29/2012

4. People who possess these skills find it easy to achieve high levels of performance in motor skills, such as those required in sports.

6. HEALTH-RELATED components of fitness

7. HEALTH-RELATED components of fitness – directly associated with good health. Moderate amount of each component of health-related fitness has a direct relationship to good health and reduced risk for disease. Body composition: prevention of obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes etc. Flexibility: prevention of back pain and muscle injuries. Strength: prevent back and posture problems. Muscle endurance: promote daily living functionality. Cardiovascular endurance: prevention of heart disease.

8. Example: dribbling a soccer ball with your feet, dribbling a hockey ball with a hockey stick, quickly changing direction on a netball court etc. Females slightly slower than males Body composition – females greater fat percentage Muscle mass – males stronger

9. Example: gymnast on a balance beam, water skiing, jumpers in a rugby lineout etc. Wider hips = heavier pelvic region Female’s center of gravity slightly lower than males Thus, greater balance

10. Quicker = better. Slow = poor reaction time skills Example: starting a sprint race, catching a ball etc.

11. Example: 40m sprint, soccer playing sprinting to receive the ball etc. Females slighter slower: due to body composition.

12. Hand-eye co-ordination: juggling, tennis, volleyball etc. Foot-eye co-ordination: soccer, football etc.

13. Example: throwing a discus, shot-put, jumping is basketball etc.

14. HEALTH-RELATED components of fitness Athlete = relatively low body fat percentage. High body fat = poor performance. Women have greater fat percentage than men Hormonal: more estrogen Structural: wider hips (for child birth)

15. HEALTH-RELATED components of fitness Good flexibility = reduced risk of injury. Poor flexibility = greater risk for injury. Females have greater flexibility than males: Due to anatomical differences- wider hips Hormonal differences Desired sports: dance, gymnastics, swimming

16. HEALTH-RELATED components of fitness A fit person can sustain long periods of exercise without fatigue. Fit athlete = good performance. Unfit athlete = poor performance. Females slightly lower absolute aerobic fitness: Greater body fat percentage Males = more testosterone

17. HEALTH-RELATED components of fitness A fit person can repeat movements for a long period of time without fatigue. Females = less testosterone = less muscle mass Males = more testosterone = more muscle mass

18. HEALTH-RELATED components of fitness Greater strength = greater power. = reduced risk for injury. Absolute vs. relative strength Absolute strength – maximal amount of strength or force generated in a movement or exercise (i.e. 1RM) Relative strength – refers to absolute strength divided by body weight

19. HEALTH-RELATED components of fitness A woman’s average maximum whole-body strength is ±60% of the average man’s Women have less testosterone, thus less muscle mass Example: a 70kg woman who lifts 70kg has a relative strength equal to a 120kg man who lifts 120kg, even though she has less absolute strength When performing an identical resistance training program, women generally gain strength at the same rate or faster than men

20. 1.Define: a.Fitness.3 2.The components of fitness are broken up into two different categories: a.Name these two categories, and explain the difference between the two.6 b.Which of these two is more applicable to sport and why?3 c.List, under the correct category, all the components of fitness that fall into these two categories. 11 d.Define each component of fitness.25 3.For each skill-related component of fitness, name 3 sports in which that component of fitness is important, and give examples of specific actions in those sports.24 4.When considering reaction time, which is better, a slow reaction time or a fast reaction time? Why?2

21. 5.How does body composition differ between an athlete and the average person?3 6.What affect would a high body fat percentage have on performance, and why?2 7.What affect would a low cardiovascular fitness have on performance?2 8.Is it better for an athlete to be flexible or inflexible, why?2 9.Give an example of an exercise used to improve muscular endurance, and explain how the exercise is performed.5 10.Why is it important to have good strength in certain sports such as rugby, basketball or football?2 11.Explain why females are slightly slower than males when performing agility tests. 2

22. 12.Moderate amount of each component of health-related fitness has a direct relationship to good health and reduced risk for disease. Write down which letter corresponds with which number. 5 1. Body compositiona. Prevention of back pain and muscle injuries. 2. Flexibilityb. Promote daily living functionality. 3. Strengthc. Prevention of heart disease. 4. Muscle enduranced. Prevention of obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes etc. 5. Cardiovascular endurancee. Prevent back and posture problems.

23. 13.Who would perform better in a balance test, a male or female? Why?3 14.Who performs better with speed tests, male or female? Why?3 15.How does body composition differ between males and females?2 16.Who is more flexible, males or females? Why?2 17.How does cardiovascular fitness differ between males and females?3 18.Differentiate between absolute and relative strength. Give an example.5 19.Do women gain strength at a slower rate than men? 1