1. “In this corner …” France and England go at it.

2. Worldwide competition n Starting in 1689. n Total of four wars. Indecisive. Fourth war: n Seven Years’ War in Europe. n French and Indian War in North America.

3. French and Indian War n 1754-1763 n 1754. Washington and militiamen start the war over the Ohio country. n Early victories for the French. Braddock defeated at Fort Duquesne. n Concentrated Indian attacks.

4. The turning point n 1757 William Pitt becomes Prime Minister of England. Redoubles war effort in North America. n 1759. General Wolfe captures Quebec. Importance? Importance? n General Amherst captures Montreal. Importance? Importance?

5. Meanwhile …. n Frederick the Great (Prussian) beats up on the French, Spanish, Austrians and Russians. n Importance? Albany Plan: n Unify the Iroquois against the French. n Unify the colonies. (Franklin) Wasn’t accepted.

6. Hostilities end Treaty of Paris (1763) n Eliminated France as a colonial power in North America. n Britain gets Canada and all French territory east of the Mississippi (except New Orleans) and Florida from Spain. n ?? Spain gets Orleans and W. of La.

7. Results of the F and I War. On the colonies: n Gained self-confidence and military experience. n Saw the need for colonial unity. n Had the danger of attack by the French and Indians removed. This therefore: n ????

8. On Britain n The war led Britain to neglect the colonies. This allowed for the: exercise of virtual self-gov’t and the ability to evade British mercantilist restrictions on the colonial economy. n Britain believed the colonies: 1. Had not cooperated enough during the war.

9. 2. Had gained too much from the victory. 3. Should have to pay for the costs of the war.

10. Pontiac n 1763. Ottawa chief Pontiac leads a campaign to drive the British out of the Ohio Valley. n Defeated by arms and disease. n British saw the need to stabilize relations with the Indians and to station troops in the colonies.

11. Get outta my face…. The Proclamation of 1763. n Prohibited settlement in the areas beyond the Appalachians. n Reserved for the Indians. Secure the fur trade and stop Indian uprisings. n Also sought to prevent the colonists from being out of British reach.

12. What did they do? n Large migration on the westward trials that led through North Carolina. n Attitudinal response.