1. U.S. Constitution Structure I.Preamble – describes the purpose of the government being created.

2. U.S. Constitution We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

3. U.S. Constitution Structure I.Preamble II.Articles, Sections, Clauses

4. U.S. Constitution

5. Structure I.Preamble II.Articles, Sections, Clauses 1.Legislative branch (Congress) 2.Executive branch (president) 3.Judicial branch (Supreme Court) 4.States 5.Amending 6.Miscellaneous, including Supremacy Clause 7.Ratification

6. U.S. Constitution

7. Structure I.Preamble II.Articles, Sections, Clauses 1.Legislative branch (Congress) 2.Executive branch (president) 3.Judicial branch (Supreme Court) 4.States 5.Amending 6.Miscellaneous, including Supremacy Clause 7.Ratification III.Amendments 1.Bill of Rights 2.Civil War Amendments 3.Eighteen and Twenty-one

8. U.S. Constitution Principles I.Separation of Powers II.Checks and Balances

9. U.S. Constitution

10. Principles I.Separation of Powers II.Checks and Balances III.Federalism (Tenth Amendment)

11. U.S. Constitution

12. Principles I.Separation of Powers II.Checks and Balances III.Federalism (Tenth Amendment) IV.Limited Government

13. U.S. Constitution

16. Principles I.Separation of Powers II.Checks and Balances III.Federalism (Tenth Amendment) IV.Limited Government V.Popular Sovereignty VI.Judicial Review 1.Marbury v. Madison

17. U.S. Constitution Three Branches I.Legislative – decides what government does 1.House of Representatives a.“voice of the people” b.directly elected c.short term of office (2 years) 2.Senate a.represent states b.stability c.staggered, six-year terms

18. U.S. Constitution Three Branches I.Executive – does what the legislative branch decides 1.“president” -> new concept 2.designed to “check” legislative branch 3.some broad, vague powers 4.some specific powers II.Judicial – clarifies what legislative decided, what the constitution means 1.only Supreme Court described 2.judicial review

19. U.S. Constitution Thwart Tyranny of the Majority 1.Democracy a threat to property 2.Place government beyond control of majority  Only House of Representatives directly elected  State legislatures elect Senate  Electoral college selects president  President nominates judges 3.Separation of powers – three branches 4.Checks and Balances  A faction could not control entire system

20. U.S. Constitution Ratification I.Immediate division over the new constitution II.Federalists v. Anti-federalists

21. U.S. Constitution

22. Ratification I.Immediate division over the new constitution II.Federalists v. Anti-federalists III.Federalists A.Federalist Papers – 85 essays defending the new constitution B.Hamilton, Madison, John Jay

23. U.S. Constitution Amendment I.Article V – Formal Amendment

24. U.S. Constitution

25. Amendment I.Article V – Formal Amendment A.Proposal 1.2/3 vote in both houses 2.National convention called by 2/3 states B.Ratification A.¾ of state legislatures B.State conventions in ¾ of states

26. U.S. Constitution

27. Amendment I.Article V – Formal Amendment A.Proposal 1.2/3 vote in both houses 2.National convention called by 2/3 states B.Ratification A.¾ of state legislatures B.State conventions in ¾ of states C.Cannot alter Senate representation

28. U.S. Constitution

29. Amendment I.Article V – Formal Amendment A.Proposal 1.2/3 vote in both houses 2.National convention called by 2/3 states B.Ratification A.¾ of state legislatures B.State conventions in ¾ of states C.Cannot alter Senate representation D.Process emphasizes federalism E.Six proposed but unratified amendments F.Bill of Rights – proposed, ratified together

30. U.S. Constitution Amendment II.Informal Amendment – changing the meaning without changing the words A.Judicial review 1.Marbury v. Madison 2.Miranda 3.Kelo 4.Heller B.Legislation A.McCain – Feingold B.Health Care Bill C.Practice and tradition A.Political parties B.Two-term presidency