1. 1 Wind Turbines Supervisor: Prof. Göran Wall By Yulu Mao 23 October 2006 Best regards to Prof. Wall and our group-mates.

2. 2 Contents 1. Introduction1. Introduction 2. Wind turbine generation2. Wind turbine generation 3. Generation on grid3. Generation on grid 4. Technical situations and Main wind turbine manufactories4. Technical situations and Main wind turbine manufactories 5. The components of Wind Turbine5. The components of Wind Turbine

3. 3 1. Introduction Wind turbines tap an inexhaustible resource to generate green electrons. They produce electricity without creating air pollution, water pollution, or hazardous waste. They release no greenhouse gases. These clear environmental advantages are complemented by economic and social benefits. Wind power can be competitive with conventional electricity supply options in large, multi-turbine arrays and in residential- and community-scale applications. Wind is sometimes referred to as a fuel- saving supply option Major expansion in regional wind capacity could thus improve air quality and help decrease public health risks in localized areas. It could also reduce the state’s vulnerability to fluctuations in the price of individual fuels. Clear Conventional Safe It is going to cheaper and cheaper…

4. 4 What is the relationship between Frequency and Voltage in Wind Power Generation ?

5. 5 A small wind farm Svenska Hogarna rated power of 21 KW Resource:

6. 6 Andros’s wind farm rated total power of 15MW A Bigger Wind farm Resource:

7. 7 WHAT is the difference ? Why do the difference come ? MORE smoothness Resource:

8. 8 Available wind speed Each turbine could only use a range of wind speed., by A. Ahlstrom

9. 9 Others This Figure indicated : 1. Choose a suitable wind turbine for locals is practical and realistic. 2. High Speed wind turbine's design can help a lot on wind resources utilization. 3. Calculated in the ‘wind resource’, but it hardly transfers to electricity. Resource: www.nrel.gov

10. 10 3. Generation with Wind turbine What is the problem of off-grid wind turbine. Wind Consumption YesNo Yes No Situations between Consumption and Wind power supply How to solve the problem? 1 4 3 2

11. 11 Connect smart wind turbine to network to supply a gap.

12. 12 in grid wind turbines –Superior: Abundant wind resource hence financial return on the sale of electricity –Internal: inter-connections of grid the material of wind turbine the location of install each turbine ……. WHAT is the developing factors in grid wind turbine? Resource: www.power-technology.com/

13. 13 Some beautiful type of wind turbines Resource: http://www.windside.com Resource: http://www.selsam.com/

14. 14 The Main Wind Turbine Manufactories of World

15. 15 Manufactories of Wind Turbine [1] [1] Wind Turbine Servince Research about Windturbine  ABB Ltd. ABB Ltd.  Airtricity Airtricity  Ecot è cnia sccl - Ecot è cnia sccl  Enercon GmbH, Enercon GmbH  Eoltec Eoltec  Gamesa Corporacion Tecnologica Gamesa Corporacion Tecnologica  Hush Turbine Hush Turbine  LM Glasfiber A/S LM Glasfiber A/S  PB Power PB Power  REpower REpower  Selsam Innovations / Superturbine Inc. Selsam Innovations / Superturbine Inc.  Southwest Windpower  Suzlon Energy Ltd Suzlon Energy Ltd  Vergnet Vergnet  Vestas Vestas  Wind Prospect Wind Prospect  Windside Windside  WinWinD Oy WinWinD Oy  Det Norske Veritas Det Norske Veritas Certification of wind turbines and wind turbine projects.  Hansen Transmissions Int. Hansen Transmissions Int. Gear Units for Wind Turbines  Natural Power Natural Power International wind energy consultancy services  Pauwels Trafo Ireland Pauwels Trafo Ireland recently celebrated the unveiling of the 200,000th transformer  Valmont Wind Energy, Inc. Valmont Wind Energy, Inc. the Valmont wind turbine is 4 times durable than non-galvanized tower.  EMD A/S EMD A/S WindPRO software package for project design and planning of turbines  Garrad Hassan and Partners Ltd. Garrad Hassan and Partners Ltd. [1] [1] Generally, most of manufactories not only product the turbine, but also do researches on the components. Wind Turbine Sizes Resource from website of each company min Capacity (KW) max Capacity (KW) Generators Productors ABB2505250 Airtricity200660 Ecotecnia Sccl0.1075 ENERCON GmbH900 eoltec006250 Gamesa Eolica8502000 PB Power200750 Suzlon Energy Ltd3502000 SouthwestWindpower250500 vergnet2505000 Vestas8504500 Wind Prospect2252000

16. 16 5. The components of Wind Turbine Resource : http://www.nrel.gov/ 1.Blade 2.Brake 3.Others

17. 17 (1).Blades Number of Blades AdvantagesShortage OneOne blade wind turbine have a best cost of construction and potential reductions in maintenance costs. May need a counterbalance and therefore it is not lighter than 2 blades one. TwoGet more 6% [1] efficiency compared with one blade wind turbine. [1] ThreeGet more 2-3% efficiency compared with two blades wind turbine. Have a aesthetic. More cost of potential reductions in fabrication and maintenance costs. [1] [1] All efficiency be got on the tip blade speed at 60-70m/s. The advantages and shortages with different number of blades

18. 18 Blade element momentum theory (BEM) BEM theory has been shown to give good accuracy with respect to time cost The local forces on the blade The local forces on the blade. The theory has been found to be very useful for comparative studies in wind turbine developing. It is still the best tool available for getting good, first order predictions of thrust, torque and efficiency for turbine blades over a large range of operating conditions.

19. 19 New research on blade Resource: www.fel.mach.mie-u.ac.jp

20. 20 (2). Breaking System The advantage of A-Brake: Less stress be placed on the work components Use to limit speed of rotation No damage on the components Aerodynamic Brake Resource: http://www.windpower.org/ The principle of A-Brake: Rotate the tip of blade/whole blade for more friction from wind to reduce the speed of rotation.

21. 21 Mechanical Brake Use for : Complete stop the rotation Use for fixing on gear failure

22. 22 References Textbooks: Aerolastic Simulation of Wind Turbine Dynamics, Ahlström Anders Web sites: http://www.wnel.gov http://www.google.com

23. 23 Thank you for listening…