1. These are about 1pu Why are Synchrophasors Important? Here’s All You Need to Remember Average Power Flow P Through a Mostly Inductive Transmission Line (138kV and above) +─+─ +─+─ ground For small x, sin(x) = x Charles Steinmetz, developed phasor theory to analyze AC circuits Stability limit is when the angle difference reaches 90 degrees

2. 410 miles 460 miles 370 miles McDONALD OBSERVATORY UT PAN AM BAYLOR Idaho National Lab Colorado Springs Los Alamos Nat. Lab Cloudcroft, NM (near White Sands Nat’l Monument) Western and Eastern Nebraska Two in Kansas City area Little Rock N.E. Texas (Eastern Grid) Washington D.C. area Texas Panhandle (Eastern Grid) Austin – 3M DFW area Houston Waco Brazos Electric Coop

3. Three 50 ft. (or two 75 ft.) pieces of RG-6 coax with TNC male connectors. A mail- to-mail TNC-TNC adapter is on one end of two of the cables. 15 ft. RG-6. One end connects to GPS antenna, the other end to a lightning arrestor. Ground the arrestor. GPS antenna screws onto ¾” threaded male-to-1” smooth PVC adapter, which in turn slides into a 1” coupling. A 1” PVC pipe slides into the other end of the coupling. You may want to use a longer pipe to get a good sky view. Power supply for satellite clock. SEL2401 satellite clock receives RG-6 from GPS antenna, and connects to SEL421 through a small coax. Terminated T- BNC fits on left BNC jack 120V hot and neutral are jumpered over to phase A inputs. SEL2890 Internet transceiver screwed to Port 3 PMU Station Equipment

4. ERCOT’s graph of West-to-North P flow Texas Synchrophasor Network’s graph of West- to-Central ERCOT Voltage Angle This is probably the world’s first electricity market-induced grid oscillation! Price went down, then wind gens responded, then price went up, then wind gens responded, 12-hour window 12 hour window Candidate for Ripley’s Believe It or Not?

5. Weekly Report for Last Week

8. This Week Has Been Rough

11. Internet dropouts at the Cloudcroft, NM, mountain cabin cause the sparse appearance of this graph Omaha, NE, area. Lost signal on Wednesday ERCOT SPP WECC All Three Grids Had Problems This Week