1. 1 Copyright © 2012 Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd. All rights reserved. December 2013 Mechanization Trends in India Sanjeev Goyle Mahindra and Mahindra Fourth World Summit on Agriculture Machinery December 5-6, 2013 ~ New Delhi, India

2. 2  Snapshot  Mechanization Story So Far  Mega Trends in Mechanization  Challenges in mechanization and the way forward Agenda

3. 3 Snapshot…  Arable Land :- 163 m Ha (50% of Land Area)  Net Cropped Area :- 140 m Ha (88% of Arable Land)  Gross Cropped Area :- 192 m Ha (35% of Area Sown Twice – 50 m Ha)  Net Irrigated Area :- 68 m Ha (48 % of Net Crop Area)  Gross Irrigated Area :- 82 m Ha (43 % of Gross Crop Area)  Av. Size of Land Holding:- 1.3 Ha (80 % farms are Small & Marginal)  Indian Agriculture :- Contributes 15 % of GDP and employs 52 % of working Population Annual Report of the Ministry of Agriculture

4. 4 Mechanization Story… Implements20092010201120122013 Rotavator 6000080000100000123000103775 Harvester Self Propelled 15002400 18002250 Tractor Mounted Harvester 30003200360033001151 Rice Transplanter 100350220300 There has been a sustained increase in the adoption of mechanization to ensure greater return on investment (RoI) sustainability of agriculture. Mechanization primarily driven by increased use of tractors, which is replacing manual and animal labour. Tractor Sales

5. 5 Farm operations requiring high power inputs and low control are mechanized first (tillage, transport, water pumping, milling, threshing, etc.). Farm operations requiring medium levels of power and control are mechanized next (seeding, spraying, intercultural operations, etc.). Farm operations requiring high degree of control and low power inputs are mechanized last (transplanting, planting of vegetables, harvesting of fruits and vegetables, etc.). Power intensive work, can be done faster mechanically and at a lower cost. Converting human knowledge into machine knowledge is difficult and costly General pattern in the growth of the mechanization in India...

6. 6 Drivers of mechanization in India Mega Trends

7. 7 Demand to outstrip current productivity levels… India’s population is expected to be 1.6 bn by 2050 calling for an annual food grain production of 333 mn tonnes which represents an increase in production of more than 1/3rd There will be a huge stress on land resources calling for greater production with lesser land Source: Agricultural Statistics at a Glance 2011, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India.

8. 8 Relatively low yield gives scope for improvement… India has one of the lowest crop yields in both Rice and Wheat as compared to US and China With an urgent need in increase of production, the yields need to increase dramatically to march up to the global standards To produce more with lesser land will call for technologies that can improve yield

9. 9 Land holdings patterns call for smaller mechanization solutions… Land fragmentation and no new creation of land available for agriculture will call for flexible machinery adaptable to changing crop patterns Land Fragmentation has gone up with number of marginal farmers increasing from 56K in 1985-86 to 94K in 2011, an increase of 67.3% Land available for agriculture has remained constant around 140 m Ha since 1970s Source: Agricultural Statistics at a Glance 2011, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India.

10. 10 Peak Agriculture Season (39%) Shortage of agricultural labor triggering mechanization drive MGNREGS wages are providing 'choice of work' to casual labour in rural areas Source: Impact of MGREGA on Farm Mechanization, FICCI, 2011. 39% of annual employment under MGREGA is provided during the peak agricultural season creating shortage of unskilled labor.. Shortage of Labor in the Agri Sector will drive need for mechanization and will call for Machines with minimal human intervention Other factors contributing to shortage of labor Shift into services sector for better working condition Increasing urbanization and migration of villagers in search of greater opportunities Rise of rural entrepreneurs who are looking to set up businesses of their own

11. 11 India 55%, 30% Brazil 14%, 75% 60%, 20% Western Europe 3.9%, 95% China 64%, 38% Russia 14.4%, 80% USA 2.4%, 95% Argentina 14%, 75% Population Engaged in Agriculture vis-à-vis Level of Farm Mechanization...

12. 12 Challenges in Mechanization and the Way Forward

13. 13 Challenges and Drivers...

14. 14 Representing a huge opportunity Tractors + Implements

15. 15 Capturing the full potential Tractors: Opportunity

16. 16 Hiring Low hourly usage and high cost of ownership prevents tractor usage Increasing focus on co-operative led tractor rental models Value Tractors Increasingly fragmented land holdings and skewed economies of scale Need for a low cost, low HP tractor. Eg: Yuvraj Solution Selling Mechanization limited to land preparation through tractors Mechanization solutions for entire value chain Rising opportunities to increase tractorization Potential for addressing the gap through alternate models of tractor usage India lags far behind in tractor penetration by global standards

17. 17 Going beyond land preparation Crop Specific Opportunities

18. 18 Non uniform mechanization: Skewed towards land preparation… Seed Bed Preparation Sowing & Planting Crop Management Harvesting Post Harvest Operations Agro Processing

19. 19 Land Leveling Primary Tillage Harvesting Nursery & Planting Puddling Transport ation Residue Handling Complete Mechanization Solutions for Rice

20. 20 Secondar y Tillage Primary Tillage Harvesti ng Crop Care Sugarcane Mechanization Seeding Transpor tation Residue Handling

21. 21 The way forward for India… Appropriate technology requirement Source Identify Domestic and Global Evaluate adaption Indigenize for cost competitiveness Adapt Performance validation Propagate for adoption Validate Creating an eco-system for farm mechanization Village Craftsmen Organized Farm Machinery Companies Small Scale Industries Capability to carry out R&D for productivity increase and technology adaption Bulk of farm machinery today is manufactured by them Located in clusters with wide reach Main source of supply and repair for farmers Closest to the farmers leading to high trust

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