1. Archetypal Animals Since humans are in a position higher than animals, Jung believed that mankind often looks to animals as symbolic. Many cultures throughout the ages have believed that certain animals represent creative forces, or even the gods.

2. SNAKE Rebirth & rejuvenation Fertility Special knowledge Evil The underworld A primordial force Universal fear

3. Snake examples… Medusa The symbol on the medical sign The snake in the Garden of Eden The term “a snake in the grass” Others?

4. LAMB Sacrifice Innocence Martyrdom

5. Lamb examples… Children’s nursery rhymes, like “Mary had a little lamb..” Sacrifices in Greek culture Sacrifices in the Hebrew Scriptures Others?

6. GOAT Typically a masculine symbol Evil Negative associations

7. Goat examples… Devil The term “scapegoat” Others?

8. HORSE Intelligence Manliness Power

9. Horse examples… Ice Age cave art- horse is portrayed as very important Pegasus Centaurs Mr. Ed Others?

10. BULL Fertility Death and resurrection Courage Manliness & masculine strength Potency

11. Bull examples… Wall Street Bull Bull riding Minotaur Greek’s on the isle of Crete revered the bull due to it’s ability to cultivate the earth and make it fertile for planting Others?

12. COW Sacrifice Worship

13. Cow examples… India’s sacred animal is the cow Others?

14. WORM Death Decay

15. Worm examples… Ancient humans saw the decay of carcasses due to maggots “Worm tongue,” the character with a poisonous tongue from The Lord of the Rings Others?

16. BIRD Messenger of the gods (humans saw the birds fly up to the heavens and associated them with the gods) Freedom Peace Birds have both negative and positive definitions depending on the type of bird (for example- raven or crow would be more negative- dove or eagle would be more positive)

17. Bird examples… Hermes Messenger Pigeons Dove as the universal symbol of peace The birds sent out to find land in the story of Noah The eagles in The Lord of the Rings The owl in Harry Potter Others?