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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 1 Statistics, Data, and Statistical Thinking
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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved 1.1 The Science of Statistics
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1 - 3 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition
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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved 1.2 Two Types of Statistical Applications
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1 - 5 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition
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1 - 6 Example: Cost of physician exam Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.
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1 - 7 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Example MINITAB graph of the best-selling Girl Scout Cookies
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1 - 8 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition
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1 - 9 Example: White blood cell count Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.
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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved 1.3 Fundamental Elements of Statistics
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1 - 11 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition
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1 - 12 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition
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1 - 13 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition
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1 - 14 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition
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1 - 15 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 1.2 A sample of voter registration cards for all registered voters
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1 - 16 Population: All diseased persons Sample: 25 people selected at random Experimental unit: One diseased person Variable: White blood cell count Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.
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1 - 17 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition
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1 - 18 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition
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1 - 19 Statistical inference might be that the population of ALL diseased individuals has a white blood cell count of 4200 plus or minus 75 with confidence level 95%. Roughly speaking, we are 95% confident that the true value of the population mean lies in the interval 4200 – 75 to 4200 + 75, I,e, in the interval [ 4125, 4275 ] Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.
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1 - 20 An example from Hockey Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.
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1 - 21 In the previous example ….. Population was all Manitobans Sample was the 802 individuals polled Inference was that 42% of ALL Manitobans believe that the players and owners are equally responsible Measure of reliability was that the pollsters are 95% confident that the estimate of 42% is within 3.5% of the true value Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.
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1 - 22 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition
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1 - 23 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition
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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved 1.4 Types of Data
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1 - 25 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition
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1 - 26 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition
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1 - 27 Example Survey taken of 1000 StFX students. The information collected included Age Year Gender Major Whether or not they exercised regularly Weight Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.
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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved 1.5 Two Different Methods of Collecting Data
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1 - 29 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition
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1 - 30 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition
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1 - 31 Example (Observational study) In an effort to understand the link between weight gain and exercise, 100 students are followed for four years, and a record is kept of each student’s weight and the number of minutes they exercised weekly. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.
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1 - 32 Example (Designed experiment) 100 students are selected at random. Half if the students are placed on a regular exercise program and the other half do not participate in any exercise program. Each student’s weight is recorded weekly. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.
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1 - 33 Example from the news last night Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.
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1 - 34 Which type is best??? Each has advantages and disadvantages Usually it is easier and less expensive to do an observational study There may be ethical considerations which prohibit use of a designed experiment. Designed experiments often lead to results with greater statistical significance. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.
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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. International Journal of Epidemiology
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1 - 36 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition
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1 - 37 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition
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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved The Role of Statistics in Critical Thinking and Ethics 1.6
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1 - 39 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition
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1 - 40 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition
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1 - 41 Obvious problems with 0n-line polls Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.
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1 - 42 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition
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1 - 43 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition
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