1. Time Scales Time Perspectives Chronostratigraphy Geologic Time Scale Radioactive Decay Radiometric Dating Pilot Knob Lab Text: Manual, p. 3, 29, 131-136; Boggs, Ch. 18

2. Catastrophism Time Perspectives http://www.meteorcrater.com/

3. Uniformitarianism Time Perspectives

4. save $100 / day ? how may years to save 1 billion $ How Much is a Billion?

5. Time Scales The Geologic Time Scale: an arrangement of the earth’s geologic record into a standard sequence of units. relative age order boundaries based on fossils, lithology, polarity absolute ages by radiometric dating

6. Time Scales Time Perspectives Chronostratigraphy Geologic Time Scale Radioactive Decay Radiometric Dating Pilot Knob Lab Text: Manual, p. 3, 29, 131-136; Boggs, Ch. 18

7. Chronostratigraphy Chronostratigraphy: establish time relationships among rock units Geologic Time Units Geochronologic Units - time interval Chronostratigraphic Units - rock body representative of time interval

8. Chronostratigraphy Eon Era *Period Epoch Age Chron Geochronologic Unit – time interval

9. Chronostratigraphy Eon – Phanerozoic Era – Mesozoic *Period – Cretaceous Epoch – Late Cretaceous Age – Campanian Chron – Orbitoides tissoti Geochronologic Unit – time interval

10. Chronostratigraphy Eonothem Erathem *System Series Stage Chronozone Chronostratigraphic Unit – rock bodies representative of time interval

11. Chronostratigraphy Eonothem Erathem *System – Cretaceous System Series – Upper Cretaceous Series Stage Chronozone Chronostratigraphic Unit – rock bodies representative of time interval

12. Chronostratigraphy System Subdivisions Lower and Upper Period Subdivisions Early and Late

13. Time Scales Time Perspectives Chronostratigraphy Geologic Time Scale Radioactive Decay Radiometric Dating Pilot Knob Lab Text: Manual, p. 3, 29, 131-136; Boggs, Ch. 18

14. Geologic Time Scale

16. (Harland et al., 1990)

17. Ryazanian Maastrichtian Campanian Cenomanian Coniacian Turonian Santonian Albian Barremain Aptian Hauterivian Valanginian Ages of Cretaceous Period Even More Detail… Geologic Time Scale

18. after (http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/precambrian/precambrian.html) millions of years ago Geologic Time Scale Precambrian Events

19. World’s Oldest Rocks (Age in Billion Years) 4.0 3.8 3.5-3.7 3.5 3.6 4.4 Geologic Time Scale

20. after (http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/precambrian/precambrian.html) millions of years ago www.calm.wa.gov.au/national_parks/hamelin_pool_mnr.html Geologic Time Scale Precambrian Events

21. after (http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/precambrian/precambrian.html) millions of years ago http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~rhmiller/depositionfeatures1/ Geologic Time Scale Precambrian Events

22. after (http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/precambrian/precambrian.html) millions of years ago http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/vendian/pter.gif Geologic Time Scale Precambrian Events

23. http://www.inhandmuseum.com/images/Geologic_Timeline.GIF http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Lagerstatten/Burgess/gallery.html Amphibians Animals with Hard Parts Land Plants Geologic Time Scale

24. http://www.inhandmuseum.com/images/Geologic_Timeline.GIF Primates Break-up of Pangea Amphibians Animals with Hard Parts Land Plants Dinosaurs

25. http://www.inhandmuseum.com/images/Geologic_Timeline.GIF Primates Grasses Human Civilizations Ice Ages Break-up of Pangea Amphibians Animals with Hard Parts Land Plants Dinosaurs

26. Relative Time Absolute Ages

27. Time Scales Time Perspectives Chronostratigraphy Geologic Time Scale Radioactive Decay Radiometric Dating Pilot Knob Lab Text: Manual, p. 3, 29, 131-136; Boggs, Ch. 18

28. Radioactive Decay Daughter loss of particle from nucleus statistical behavior of population constant decay rate Parent radioactiveradiogenic

29. Radioactive Decay Alpha Decay: lose 2P + 2 N Beta Decay: N  P and lose e- Some Types of Radioactive Decay AGI, 1999

30. 87 Rb  87 Sr Radioactive Decay

31. TimeAtoms ParentAtoms Daughter “Close the Box”60 1 Half Life33 Radioactive Decay “Close the Box” Half Life: The time required for half of the amount of parent to decay to daughter

32. Number of Parents Number of Half Lives 0 1 2 3 4 100 80 60 40 20 0 Radioactive Decay M&M Experiment

33. Radioactive Decay

34. Time Scales Time Perspectives Chronostratigraphy Geologic Time Scale Radioactive Decay Radiometric Dating Pilot Knob Lab Text: Manual, p. 3, 29, 131-136; Boggs, Ch. 18

35. Parent-Daughter Pairs ParentDaughterHalf-Life (y)Age RangesMaterial 238 U 206 Pb4.5 billion < 65 millionzircon 235 U 207 Pb704 million> 60 millionzircon 87 Rb 87 Sr49 billion> 5 millionmicas, K-spar 40 K 40 Ar1.3 billion> 100,000micas 14 C 14 N5,730< 40,000organics, calcite Radiometric Dating

36. measure amount of parent and daughter isolate parent and daughter Radiometric Dating Analytical Methods

37. What event are you dating? Radiometric Dating volcano2_und_nodak_edu NPS

38. zircon choose right mineral assume a closed system Radiometric Dating Considerations

39. 14 C-dating Concerns variable production rates of 14 C old C in oceans selective uptake of 14 C Radiometric Dating

40. Calibrate the Time Scale absolute date relative age biozone Radiometric Dating http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/dating.html

41. Radiometric Dating Assign ages to relative time period boundaries USGS

42. Time Scales Time Perspectives Chronostratigraphy Geologic Time Scale Radioactive Decay Radiometric Dating Pilot Knob Lab Text: Manual, p. 3, 29, 131-136; Boggs, Ch. 18

43. Pilot Knob Lab basalt pyroclastics

44. Pilot Knob Lab

45. Kavachi, Solomon Islands NOOA