1. Chapter 2
Native Americans

2. Origins
Many scientists believe that Indians’ came from Asia during the last ice age.
The ancestors of these Indians crossed the land that connected Asia and North America, arriving in N.C. about 14,000 years ago.
Knowledge of early Native American cultures comes from Archaeologists, scientists who study artifacts left by ancient civilizations.

3. Cultures that existed before the Europeans arrived
Pre-Contact Cultures
Cultures that existed before the Europeans arrived

4. Paleo Indians Paleo: very old or long ago.
Nomadic hunters who hunted large animals such as:
mammoths
early type of bison
camels

5. Archaic Indians Archaic: old. hunted smaller animals using an atlatl.
fished and gathered plants, nuts, fruit, and roots for food.

6. Woodland Indians developed the bow and arrow hunters
grew crops such as corn, squash, gourds and sunflowers
built permanent villages made with grass roofs
created clay pottery to store and serve food

7. Mississippian Indians
farmers
held ceremonies for planting and harvesting
built ceremonial centers

8. Post-Contact Cultures

9. The largest tribes were the:
Tuscarora
lived in the Coastal Plain
Catawba
lived in the Piedmont and Southern Coastal Plain
Cherokee
lived in the Mountains

10. Three main language groups:
Algonquian
spoken by Chowanoc, Moratoc, Pamlico, Roanoac
Iroquoian
spoken by the Tuscarora and Cherokee
Siouan
spoken by the Catawba

11. Plants Native Americans used plants: Corn: For food
To fight disease, and
To bring healing
Corn:
Was the main source of food
Most important plant

12. How Native Americans Lived

13. The Family
Most of the Indians of North Carolina had a mother-centered family system
Within this family system, a child was related by blood only to the mother.

14. Food The main crop was corn. Other crops that they grew include:
Squash
Pumpkins
Beans, and
Sunflowers
The main fruit tree that they grew was the peach.