1. New World Beginnings
Chapter 1
AP U.S. History

2. Overview By 1600 – Europe had created the world's first global economy
Greatest human catastrophe – 90% Native Americans died, tens of millions of Africans enslaved
Major Conflict between Europeans and Native Americans b/c of culture differences
Spain?
French?
English?

3. The Shaping of North America
Ice Age
Land Bridge
Western Hemisphere – by 9,000 BC
Hunters
By 9,000 BC gone - why?
8,000 BC- 1,500 BC – lived off?

4. Earliest Americans
1492 – Western Hem – 75 million Native Americans (7-10 million in North America)
Respect for environment
Everything – spiritual nature/alive/prayers
Trade important
Materials, ideas, spread religious beliefs
When trade stopped, like declaring war

5. Family – kinships/clans kept them together
Oral History
Strong religion/belief in spirits

6. European Motives for Exploration in the Age of Discovery
Nation-states sought power; competed against rivals
New technology enabled Europeans to dominate
Economics - Need for new markets esp. from the East (e.g., spices)
Desire to Christianize new peoples
Renaissance (starting late 14th c. lasting well into 16th c.)
Atmosphere of rebirth, optimism, exploration

7. Indirect Discoverers of the World
Crusades
Spices, silks, etc
Looking for routes

8. Europeans Enter Africa
Marco Polo
African winds – problems?
Portuguese – caravel –
to help find an all-water
route to Asia
African Coast – trading posts

9. Slavery
Before Portugal – could move out of slavery
After Portugal – becomes intercontinental business, no moving out!
12 million

10. European Culture and Society (1492)
70-80% of Europeans peasants
Starving, revolts
Increase in population (55 million in 1450 to 100 million by 1600)
“commons” taken away (enclosed)
Towns numerous, small
Manufacturing - household workshops
Family – father most important – model God's rule

11. Columbus Comes Upon a New World
Why? Wealth, glory, Christianity
Backed by Spain – competition
with Portugal
Renaissance
Page 14 ***** Changed 4
continents – KNOW!!!!!

12. When World’s Collide
Columbian Exchange – Chart page 15 ***** KNOW!!!
Sugar Cane
Negatives
Entire pop.
gone in 50
Weeds/
animals
Encomiendas – harshly exploited Native Americans. Led to??

13. The Spanish Conquistadors
Balboa – Pacific Ocean
Magellan – circumnavigate
Ponce de Leon - Florida
De Soto - Southeast
Pizarro – Inca’s
Cortes – pages 20 – 21 – big religious differences

14. The Spread of Spanish America
Cabot
Cartier
Spain encouraged settlement in 3 areas:
Southeast Coast – protest fleets of
gold/silver – St. Augustine, FL
Southwest – mining
West Coast – est trade routes
across Pacific, set up missions

15. Footholds in North America
1510 – flow of wealth from America to Spain brought other Europeans
Mexico, Caribbean, some along North Am coast
St. Augustine – only colony

16. Questions
What role did disease and forced labor (including slavery) play in the early settlement of the Americas? Were the Spanish and Portuguese “harsh” conquerors?