1. MMM…me hungry
The First Texans Unit 1

2. Objectives: Describe how and where the land bridge was formed.
Explain why ancient man crossed the land bridge.
Identify the four cultures of American Indians in Texas
Explain how the earliest Texans lived and adapted to the environment.

3. Why is this important?
The arrival of these early people began the settlement of the Western Hemisphere (North American and South America).
Western Hemisphere

4. Early Civilizations
ASIA
NORTH AMERICA
Native peoples migrated across a land bridge from Asia.
They later made their way to Texas and developed into four specific cultures of Indians:
Southeastern
Gulf
Plains
Pueblo
These cultures later divided into tribes such as the Apache, Caddo, Karankawa, and Tigua.

5. The Four Cultures of Texas Indians
Plains
Southeastern
Pueblo
Gulf Coast

6. The Last Ice Age Today, you hear people talk about global warming.
About 35,000 years ago, the earth was in the middle of its last major ice age.
No, not this ice age!

7. Brrrrr…it’s getting cold
How it began...
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8. polar ice cap
The Last Ice Age…
The earth cooled due to a shift in the earth’s rotation on its axis.
Huge amounts of water froze on the North and South poles

9. The Last Ice Age… Land bridge
As more water froze and turned to ice, water levels around planet earth dropped.
Reduced water levels caused new land to be exposed.
This ice age ended around 21,000 years ago.

10. Bering Land Bridge
The Bering land bridge connected the western Asia (Siberia) to North America (Alaska).
Today, the land bridge is covered by water. It is now known as the Bering Strait.
Alaska
Siberia

11. Bering Land Bridge (cont.)
These first American peoples followed and hunted their food source.
They were nomadic, in that they moved from place to place.
Scientists called archaeologists study the past and collect artifacts, or objects made or used by humans

12. Prehistoric Animals on the Menu

13. Cave Bear

14. Giant sloth, dire wolf and giant bison

15. The Last Ice Age…

16. Not this!!!!

17. The First Texans The first Texans arrived around 11,ooo B.C.
Historians have called this era in which they lived “Natural Texas and Its People
The earliest Texans were hunter-gatherers that constantly moved and hunted large animals— atlatl to throw their spears farther and give them more force.

18. The First Texans
They also gathered various plants, fruits, pecans, and acorns to eat.
They lived in rock shelters or created beds made up of plants
Around A.D , they started using new technology such as the bow and arrow and for hunting and pottery for cooking.
Around A.D. 1200, the practice of agriculture or farming, allowed them to settle in one place.