1. CHAPTER 3 Change in the biosphere

2. 3.1 THE CHANGING ENVIRONMENT  The earth has lived for 4.45 billion year and during that time there have been many changes with human activity.

3. 3.1 PAGE 2  The lithosphere is one of the most changed things on earth. Tectonic plates move the continents about 2 cm per year.

4. 3.1 PAGE 3  Other ways that the lithosphere changes is weathering and erosion over many years. For example, the Grand Canyon is the effect of erosion by the Colorado River

5. 3.1 THE HYDROSPHERE  The hydrosphere is another part of the earth that is constantly changing. Oceans and seas all around the world never stay the same.

6. 3.1 PAGE 5  The ice age is one of the times when the hydrosphere has changed dramatically. The earth was covered with many glaciers that helped form the present day earth.

7. 3.1 PAGE 6  Another change in the hydrosphere is the El Nino. This is a stretch of warm water that runs along the coast along the South American coast and it is in effect for only a few weeks.

8. 3.1 THE ATMOSPHERE  The atmosphere also has a series of changes that happen all year round.

9. 3.1 PAGE 8  The atmosphere can change by the rotation of the axis and also simpler things like volcanic eruptions.

10. 3.2 NEEDS OF ORGANISMS  Organisms have many needs to live and survive in the environment.

11. 3.2 PAGE 2  Water is one of the most important factors in life. Water is needed for plants and animals to stay hydrated.

12. 3.2 PAGE 3  Another need for life is food and energy. When animals eat food they obtain certain nutrients that are needed to live.

13. 3.2 PAGE 4  All animals need living space. Their living space is called territory and it gives animals shelter and other safe reasons.

14. 3.3 THE ECOSYSTEM  Species- a group of organisms so similar to one so that they can breed.  Habits- specific environment in which a species live in.  Geographical range- total area in which a species can live  Population- all members of a species that live in the same geographic area  Community- all the different populations that live and interact in the same area  Ecosystem- includes all communities in an area  Biodiversity- variety of species in an ecosystem