1. Due Today: 1. Fundamentals Pre-Lab 2. Fundamentals Short Report Homework: 1. Density Part-1 Pre Lab FUNDAMENTALS OF MEASUREMENT

2.  Refine measurement skills using instruments  Apply rules of significant figures to combine measurements for calculations OBJECTIVE

3.  Side A  Measure to the nearest 0.1 m  Side B  Measures to the nearest 0.1 dm  Side C  Measures to the nearest 0.1 cm  Side D  Measures to the nearest 0.1 mm KEY TERMS

4.  Four Stations 1. Linear Measurements and Volume:  Cube  Rectangular Cuboid  Cylinder  Use calipers to measure the diameter  Units:  Volumes will be reported in cm 3 or mm 3 PROCEDURE NOTES

5. 2. Density of Solids:  Cube  Rectangular Cuboid  Units:  Volumes will be reported in mm 3 or cm 3  Densities will be reported in g/mm 3 or g/cm 3 PROCEDURE NOTES

6. 3. Linear Measurement and Area:  Triangle  Rectangle  Parallelogram  Units:  Areas will be reported in mm 2 or cm 2 PROCEDURE NOTES

7. 4. Density of Liquids:  Volume with Buret  Volumes reported to the nearest 100 th mL (25.35 mL)  Volume with Graduated Cylinder  Volumes reported to the nearest 10 th mL (12.5 mL)  Units:  Densities will be reported in g/mL PROCEDURE NOTES

8.  Blue and Yellow liquid  Down the drain  Green liquid  Waste container in waste hood WASTE

9.  Green Solution:  Isopropyl Alcohol  Danger  Flammable Liquid  Mild Skin Irritation  Harmful if Swallowed RISK ASSESSMENT

10.  Using Calipers  Make sure the calipers read zero when closed  Use the outside jaws to measure the outer diameter or width  Use the inside jaws to measure the inner diameter EQUIPMENT NOTES

11.  Read & record the millimeter mark just to the left of the zero on the fixed caliper EQUIPMENT NOTES 17.0 mm

12.  Read & record the millimeter mark that lines up with the vernier scale (moveable) and the fixed scale. EQUIPMENT NOTES 0.48 mm

13.  Add the measurements together to get an accurate reading EQUIPMENT NOTES 17 mm + 0.48 mm = 17.48 mm

14.  ALL non-zero numbers are ALWAYS significant  (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)  ALL zeros BETWEEN non-zero numbers are ALWAYS significant  1005  10.05 SIGNIFICANT FIGURES

15.  ALL zeros to the right of the decimal point AND at the end of the number are ALWAYS significant  501.040 – zero is significant  1200 – zeros are NOT significant  0.0052 – zeros are NOT significant (leading zero) SIGNIFICANT FIGURES

16.  ALL zeros to the left of a decimal point AND in a number are ALWAYS significant  1500.0 – zeros ARE significant  1700.3 – zeros ARE significant  100 – zeros are NOT significant SIGNIFICANT FIGURES

17.  Defined quantities do not limit significant figures  Unit conversions - 100 cm/m  Molar mass  Density  Values of constants do not limit significant figures  Pi - ∏  Avogadro's number - 6.022 x10 23 SIGNIFICANT FIGURES

18.  Addition and Subtraction  The number of decimal places determines the number of significant figures SIGNIFICANT FIGURES

19.  Multiplication and Division  Count the number of significant figures. Round your answer to the lowest number of significant figures. SIGNIFICANT FIGURES 8 Significant Figures 5 Significant Figures 10 Significant Figures (from calculator)

20. CALCULATIONS 0.5 dm 2.4 cm 24.0 mm

21.  Volume of cube  V = l 3  Volume of rectangular cuboid  V = l x w x h  Volume of cylinder  V = l x ∏ x r 2  Area of a Triangle  A = ½ b x h CALCULATIONS

22.  Area of a Rectangle/Parallelogram  A = l x w  The width of a parallelogram is NOT the other side CALCULATIONS w

23.  V cube = l 3  V rectangle = l x w x h  V cylinder = l x ∏ x r 2 SUMMARY OF CALCULATIONS