1. GIS 1 Geocoding

2. GIS 2 Geocoding Address Geocoding - Process of creating geometric representations for locations (such as point features) from descriptions of locations (such as addresses) Displays tabular data containing addresses as points on a map Finds locations on a map easily Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

3. GIS 3 Geocoding Examples M. Helper 9-16-03 GEO327G/386G, UT Austin 3 Pittsburgh Technology Council maps technology businesses by streets to see technology rich areas Emergency dispatch operators geocode to enter an address, determine who should respond Allegheny County maps personal care and nursing homes and compares to elderly population by mcds General Nutrition Centers maps store locations and compares to Rite-Aid store locations Others? Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

4. GIS 4 Address Matching

5. GIS 5 Address Matching Address matching is a process that compares two addresses to determine whether or not they are the same. Looks for certain standards and makes a decision about whether addresses match. Incorrect, incomplete, or ambiguous address information will reduce the matching confidence. Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

6. GIS 6 What do you match? Tabular data Text Databases to Geographic maps TIGER Streets ZIP Codes Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

7. GIS 7 TIGER Files Geographic elements used to address match Lines - streets, railroads, rivers Areas - zip codes, census blocks, tracts, MCD/CCDs, places, counties, etc. Points - landmarks such as churchs, schools, and other cultural features represented in TIGER as points Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

8. GIS 8 TIGER Street Example Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

9. GIS 9 Linear (Street) Address Matching

10. GIS 10 Linear Address Matching (Streets) Urban street maps - four street address numbers ranging from low to high for each side of a street segment. Left_from Left_to Right_from Right_to Street_name Type 101 199 100 198 OAKST 0105 0107 100 198 101 199 Oak St. (80.731, 40.025) (80.729, 40.025)

11. GIS 11 Address Matching Major Steps 1437 402 855 123 Oak St 333 Pine Av 18 Bay Dr A A B StoreIDAddressClass Store.dbf Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

12. GIS 12 Address Matching Major Steps 1437 402 855 123 Oak St 333 Pine Av 18 Bay Dr A A B StoreIDAddressClass Store.dbf 98 99 198 199 Oak R L R L O E E O To Street Side Parity From 1 100 101 2 Type St Attributes of Streets Street_ 5950 6011 Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

13. GIS 13 Address Matching Major Steps 1437 402 855 123 Oak St 333 Pine Av 18 Bay Dr A A B StoreIDAddressClass Store.dbf 98 99 198 199 Oak R L R L O E E O To Street Side Parity From 1 100 101 2 Type St Attributes of Streets Street_ 5950 6011 59506011 Oak St Pine Av 100 101 198 199 123 Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

14. GIS 14 Number 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Address Components Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

15. GIS 15 Number 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Street Name 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Address Components Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

16. GIS 16 Number 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Street Name 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Street Type 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Address Components Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

17. GIS 17 Number 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Street Name 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Street Type 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Direction, suffix123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Address Components Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

18. GIS 18 Number 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Street Name 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Street Type 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Direction, suffix123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Direction, prefix 123 W Oak ST, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Address Components Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

19. GIS 19 Number 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Street Name 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Street Type 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Direction, suffix123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Direction, prefix 123 W Oak ST, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Unit Number123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Address Components Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

20. GIS 20 Number 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Street Name 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Street Type 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Direction, suffix123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Direction, prefix 123 W Oak ST, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Unit Number123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Zone, city123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Zone, zip code123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Address Components Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

21. GIS 21 Number 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Street Name 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Street Type 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Direction, suffix123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Direction, prefix 123 W Oak ST, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Unit Number123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Zone, city123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Zone, zip code123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Items for Single Number Street Address: Address Unit City Zip Code 123 Oak ST W Apt. 2 Pittsburgh 15213 Address Components Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

22. GIS 22 Street Address Matching Problems and Solutions

23. GIS 23 Possible Problems: Variations in Street Names Fifth Avenue, Fifth Ave., 5th AV Saw Mill Run, Route 51 Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

24. GIS 24 Possible Problems: Variations in Street Names Fifth Avenue, Fifth Ave., 5th AV Saw Mill Run, Route 51 Data Entry Errors Fidth Avenue Sawmill Run Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

25. GIS 25 Possible Problems: Variations in Street Names Fifth Avenue, Fifth Ave., 5th AV Saw Mill Run, Route 51 Data Entry Errors Fidth Avenue Sawmill Run Place Names CMU, PNC Park, Station Square Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

26. GIS 26 Possible Problems: Variations in Street Names Fifth Avenue, Fifth Ave., 5th AV Saw Mill Run, Route 51 Data Entry Errors Fidth Avenue Sawmill Run Place Names CMU, PNC Park, Station Square Intersections 5th AV and Craig ST Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

27. GIS 27 Possible Problems: Variations in Street Names Fifth Avenue, Fifth Ave., 5th AV Saw Mill Run, Route 51 Data Entry Errors Fidth Avenue Sawmill Run Place Names CMU, PNC Park, Station Square Intersections 5th AV and Craig ST Zones 100 Main ST 15101, 100 Main ST 16202 Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

28. GIS 28 Possible Problems: Variations in Street Names Fifth Avenue, Fifth Ave., 5th AV Saw Mill Run, Route 51 Data Entry Errors Fidth Avenue Sawmill Run Place Names CMU, PNC Park, Station Square Intersections 5th AV and Craig ST Zones 100 Main ST 15101, 100 Main ST 16202 Post Office Boxes P.O. Box 125 Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

29. GIS 29 Possible Problems: Variations in Street Names Fifth Avenue, Fifth Ave., 5th AV Saw Mill Run, Route 51 Data Entry Errors Fidth Avenue Sawmill Run Place Names CMU, PNC Park, Station Square Intersections 5th AV and Craig ST Zones 100 Main ST 15101, 100 Main ST 16202 Post Office Boxes P.O. Box 125 Missing Street (TIGER) information Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

30. GIS 30 Solution: Correct Intersections Format: Forbes AV & Craig ST Grant ST & 5th AV Default Delimiters ArcView: & ARC/INFO: / Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

31. GIS 31 Solution: Use Standard Directions EE EAE EASE EASTE EXEX EXTEX EXTENDEDEX EXTENSION EX NN NON NORTEN NORTHN NENE NORTHEASTNE NWNW NORTHWESTNW SS SOS SOUTHS SESE SOUTHEASTSE SWSW SOUTHWESTSW WW WEW WESTW Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

32. GIS 32 Solution: Use Standard Street Type Abbreviations CRCR CrescentCR CRSGCRSG CSWYCSWY DRDR DriveDR DRVDR EXPEXWY ExpresswayEXWY EXPWYEXWY FreewayFRWY FRWYFRWY FWYFRWY HighwayHWY HWYHWY HYHWY LALA LaneLA LNLA LoopLoop MotorwayMTWY MTWYMTWY ParkwayPKWY PKWYPKWY etc. Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

33. GIS 33 Solution:Alias Table DBF Table (Name of Your Choice): Alias Address CMU5000 Forbes Av Carnegie Mellon5000 Forbes AV Carnegie Mellon Univ5000 Forbes AV Carnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes AV Etc. Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

34. GIS 34 Improving Address Matching Integrate User Data Entry and Address Matching Purchase or Build High Quality Maps (Field Verification) Correct and Maintain Maps (Lab) Assign House Numbers in Rural Areas Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

35. GIS 35 Polygon Address Matching

36. GIS 36 TIGER Files: Polygon Topology Zip Code American Indian Reservation Alaska Nature Village Statistical Area Tribal Designated Statistical Area Tribal Jurisdiction Statistical Area Alaska Nature Regional Corp. FIPS State Code FIPS County Code MCD Place Census Tract/Block Numbering Area Tabulation Block Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

37. GIS 37 TIGER:Polygons - Zipcodes/Parcels Polygon features can be identified by their parcel numbers, postal zip, or zip+4 codes Parcel_Number ( 1046) ZIP (15218) ZIP + 4 (15218-1234) Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

38. GIS 38 Polygon Address Matching (Zip Codes) Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

39. GIS 39 Patient Location by County Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University

40. GIS 40 Geocoding in ArcGIS

41. GIS 41 Create address locator ArcCatalog

42. GIS 42 Choose address locator style Skeleton of the address locator Based on data tables and reference layer

43. GIS 43 Choose reference layer Streets, ZIP codes

44. GIS 44 Address locator properties

45. GIS 45 Geocode in ArcMap 1. Add tabular data and streets layer 2. Add address locator 3. Geocode addresses 4. View geocoding results 5. Interactively rematch addresses

46. GIS 46 Address rematching Investigate unmatched addresses Generally requires expertise with knowledge of local streets Compare street name in the attributes of streets table and address table

47. GIS 47 Prepare log file Log file includes reasons why addresses did not geocode Useful for future work on cleaning addresses or repairing street maps Incorrect addressPossible reason/solution 490 Penn AvenueMissing ZIP code 111 HawksworthSpelled incorrectly 900 Smallman StreetTIGER street missing 900 Lib AveSpelled incorrectly