1. Economics 172 Issues in African Economic Development Lecture 16 March 14, 2006

2. Economics 1722 Outline: (1)Introduction to Part II of the course (2)Slavery in African history (3)Impacts of slavery on African economic development (Nunn 2005)

3. Economics 1723 Schematic Outline of the Course

4. Economics 1724 Schematic Outline of the Course

5. Economics 1725 Schematic Outline of the Course

6. Economics 1726 Schematic Outline of the Course

7. Economics 1727 Slavery in African history Large numbers of Africans were forcibly enslaved during the 15 th -19 th centuries, starting with the Portuguese in Congo in the 15 th century

8. Economics 1728 Map of Africa

9. Economics 1729 Slavery in African history Large numbers of Africans were forcibly enslaved during the 15 th -19 th centuries, starting with the Portuguese in Congo in the 15 th century Atlantic Ocean trade11-13 million Sahara, Red Sea trade5 million Indian Ocean trade2 million TOTAL 18-20 million

10. Economics 17210 Map of Africa

11. Economics 17211 Slavery in African history At the peak of the trade in the 18 th century, huge numbers of Africans were being captured every year: # people / year (range) 1450-16002,500-7,441 1601-170013,324-18,680 1701-180061,300-97,469 Late 1800s33,300-50,230

12. Economics 17212 Why was Africa targeted by slave traders? Location relatively close to the Americas

13. Economics 17213 Why was Africa targeted by slave traders? Location relatively close to the Americas Pre-existing internal slave networks: in the late 1800s, 18-44% of Africans were slaves of other Africans (based on early European colonial surveys)

14. Economics 17214 Why was Africa targeted by slave traders? Location relatively close to the Americas Pre-existing internal slave networks Less military might (e.g., compared to Asia)

15. Economics 17215 Why was Africa targeted by slave traders? Location relatively close to the Americas Pre-existing internal slave networks Less military might (e.g., compared to Asia) Others?

16. Economics 17216 What impact of the slave trade on society? Lower population density  less urbanization

17. Economics 17217 What impact of the slave trade on society? Lower population density  less urbanization Strategies to avoid capture  lower output

18. Economics 17218 What impact of the slave trade on society? Lower population density  less urbanization Strategies to avoid capture  lower output Shorter time horizons  less investment Efforts diverted into slaving, away from production

19. Economics 17219 What impact of the slave trade on society? Lower population density  less urbanization Strategies to avoid capture  lower output Shorter time horizons  less investment Efforts diverted into slaving, away from production Radical changes in the nature of political power

20. Economics 17220 What impact of the slave trade on society? Lower population density  less urbanization Strategies to avoid capture  lower output Shorter time horizons  less investment Efforts diverted into slaving, away from production Radical changes in the nature of political power Breakdown of social cooperation, cultural changes

21. Economics 17221 Whiteboard #1

22. Economics 17222 Whiteboard #2

23. Economics 17223 Whiteboard #3

24. Economics 17224 Whiteboard #4

25. Economics 17225 Whiteboard #5

26. Economics 17226 Map of Africa