1. Labor Force in North America
Learning Target: To evaluate and contrast the different sources of labor used in the English Colonies.

2. Jamestown, the first successful Virginia settlement, 1608
Early English Settlers
The majority of the individuals that came to the English colonies in North America in the 1600s were
A) slaves
B) priests and missionaries
C) prisoners
D) indentured servants
E) members of the nobility
Jamestown, the first successful Virginia settlement, 1608
Answer: D) indentured servants
Explanation: In the 17th century nearly two-thirds of those emigrating to English colonies in America were indentured servants who voluntarily gave five to seven years of service in exchange for passage.

3. Women in Colonial Virginia
In 17th century Virginia
A) women had no legal rights
B) the number of men and women was roughly equal
C) most women lived until their 60s
D) single adult women and widows could not make contracts or conduct business
E) most women came as indentured servants and faced a life of hard labor in the tobacco fields
Answer: E) most women came as indentured servants and faced a life of hard labor in the tobacco fields
Explanation: Men greatly outnumbered women in 17th century colonial Virginia. While women had limited legal rights, single women (femme soles) enjoyed more of a legal identity than married women, who only could claim one-third of their husband's property if he died before her. The life expectancy of women in Virginia was not long, as most who had come as indentured servants continued to work as tobacco field hands even when after obtained their freedom.

4. First Source of Labor Native Americans First used by the Spanish
Why was this ineffective in the English Colonies?
Helped settlers early on
Disease
Hard to keep captive, could run away easily
Eventually some fought back

5. Indentured Servants How did this system work? Early forms
Passage in exchange for labor (5-7 years)
Freedom dues
Spirits
Redemptioners
Early forms
Patroons- Dutch
Engages- French
Virginia Company-Jamestown
Why didn’t this system last?

6. Slavery Not a new concept- been around since humans have recorded time
Not specific to one society
Advantages of slavery
Consistent supply of labor- service never expired
Would do the work most other people wouldn’t do
No protection under English law
Difficult to escape into surrounding
They are your property
Could be bought and sold, investment
Other ideas?

7. Racism
Ideology based on the belief that some races are inherently superior to others, so they are entitled to rule over them
Not at this time
More of an issue of
Civilization vs. barbarism
Christianity vs. heathenism

8. Beginnings of Slavery
Importance of crops like tobacco, rice, and sugar
At first dominated by the Dutch
First slaves to arrive blacks brought to Virginia by the Dutch

9. What was the difference between a house servant (slave) and a field slave (plantation)?

10. Keep in mind that commerce was the foundation of the Empire
Mercantilism
What was it?
New economic policy on the basis that England should enjoy the profits from its empire.
Influence of Navigation Acts 1660 and 1696
Enumerated goods
Transported in English Ships
Sold initially in English ports
Custom duties paid
aimed at excluding the Dutch from the profits made by English trade
How did colonies factor into this system?
How did this encourage slavery?
Keep in mind that commerce was the foundation of the Empire

11. Bacon's Rebellion
Which of the following would have been mostly likely to support the 1676 revolt led by Nathaniel Bacon?
(A) a member of the Pamunkey Indian tribe
(B) a Virginia farmer upset with the refusal of authorities to deal harshly with Indians
(C) Governor William Berkeley
(D) a wealthy large plantation owner
(E) King Charles II
Answer: (B) a Virginia farmer upset with the refusal of authorities to deal harshly with Indians.
100 years before the Declaration of Independence, Virginians revolted against their political leaders (Image Source: Wikimedia Commons--public domain)
Explanation: Nathaniel Bacon led a group of Virginia farmers and indentured servants in a series of raids against both Indians and government officials in Bacon was displeased with Governor Berkeley's relatively friendly attitude towards Indians and took action himself by attacking several Indian tribes. When Bacon demanded that Berkeley retaliate for Indian actions against settlers, the governor refused and Bacon's supporters subsequently chased Berkeley from the capital of Jamestown, which was burned to the ground. Bacon died of dysentery and the rebellion dissipated, but Virginia's wealthier citizens were alarmed at the support Bacon received from indentured servants and poor farmers. Berkeley was recalled from duty by King Charles II.

12. Virginia Governor William Berkeley's policies
Bacon's Rebellion
Which of the following is not true of Bacon's Rebellion?
A) Bacon's followers burned Jamestown to the ground
B) wealthy whites grew fearful of the growing number of discontented poor whites
C) Governor Berkeley was accused of favoring Indians at the expense of white settlers
D) Bacon gained most of his support from wealthy landowners
E) Bacon seized political power in Virginia before British ships arrived and put down the uprising
Virginia Governor William Berkeley's policies
helped fuel the 1676 crisis
Answer: D) Bacon gained most of his support from wealthy landowners
Explanation: Wealthy landowner Nathaniel Bacon seized on growing discontent with Governor William Berkeley's Indian policies and the increasing frustration of poor Virginia whites to stage an uprising that led to Berkeley fleeing Jamestown, the capital being destroyed by fire, and British forces being required to restore order. Bacon's followers were mainly poor whites who saw little chance of economic advancement and the inability to take land reserved for Indian tribes.

13. Reflection Time!!!!!
How did Bacon’s Rebellion bring about a change from indentured servants to slavery?
Think about:
Freedom
“English Liberties”
Desire to own land

14. So what are the differences between indentured servants and slaves?
The colonies go from a “society with slaves” to a “slave society”
How did this increase the demand for the slave trade?
Triangular slave trade