1. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile School of Engineering Department of Computer Science A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets Nicolás Javier Pizarro de la Fuente Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering Advisor: Marcos Sepúlveda Fernández, Ph.D.

2. Agenda General context Problems with existing methods Proposals Implementation Algorithm evaluation Conclusions and future work 2 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 31-07-2015

3. Agenda General context Problems with existing methods Proposals Implementation Algorithm evaluation Conclusions and future work 3 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 31-07-2015

4. What is Process Mining? 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 4 Business Intelligence Data Science Data Mining Process Mining Business Process Management

5. Event logs: A process binnacle Process operational information – Case number – Activities – Resources – Execution times Who made what, when and for which case? 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 5

6. Event logs: A process binnacle 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 6 InstanceActivityTimestampResource 001Register vehicle05-07-2015 07:43:22Nicolás 001Generate invoice05-07-2015 08:10:15Jorge 002Register vehicle05-07-2015 08:12:42Marcos 001Generate payment05-07-2015 08:13:55Jorge 002Illumination test05-07-2015 08:20:36Nicolás 002Suspension test05-07-2015 08:25:59Jorge ………… 986Car delivery30-07-2015 17:57:37Marcos

7. Categories in Process Mining 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 7 Process Mining Process Discovery Conformance Checking Process Enhancement InputsOutputs

8. Categories in Process Mining 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 8 Process Enhancement Process Extension InputsOutputs Process Repair

9. Agenda General context Problems with existing methods Proposals Implementation Algorithm evaluation Conclusions and future work 9 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 31-07-2015

10. Problems with existing methods Logs are usually biased – Noise – Incompleteness 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 10 Model behaviour Log behaviour Noise Incompleteness All behaviour

11. Problems with existing methods 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 11

12. Problems with existing methods Logs are usually biased – Noise – Incompleteness No “silver bullet algorithm” in Process Discovery – Different results – Different notations  Strong context dependency 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 12

13. Problems with existing methods Development of repair techniques – Based on event logs Use of log information: Incompleteness – Based on reference models Requires the construction of a whole reference model  Need of post-processing stages that correct the log incompleteness problem 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 13

14. Research hypothesis “Process models generated by discovery algorithms can be enhanced using the knowledge of a domain expert” 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 14

15. Agenda General context Problems with existing methods Proposals Implementation Algorithm evaluation Conclusions and future work 15 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 31-07-2015

16. A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 16

17. Operators and feedback types 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 17 “These two activities occur simultaneously” “This activity occurs after this other activity” “These two activities are unrelated” Order relations Parallelism (||) Causality (  ) Indifference (#)

18. Dual-activity feedback enhancement 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 18 “Activities X and Y occur simultaneously” X || Y

19. Process Models: Causal nets 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 19

20. 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 20 Input (I)ActivityOutput (O) {∅}{∅} a{{b, c, d}} {{a}}b{{e}} {{a}}c{{h}} ……… {{e, c, g}}h{{i}, {j}} {{h}}i{{k}} {{h}}j{{k}} {{i}, {j}}k {∅}{∅}

21. Proposal: Running example 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 21

22. Proposal: Running example 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 22 a a b b e e f f g g c c h h d || f d d

23. Proposal: Running example 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 23 a a b b e e d d f f g g c c h h

24. A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 24

25. Proposal: SESEs 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 25

26. Proposal: Running example 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 26 a a b b e e f f g g c c h h d || (f, g) d d S

27. Proposal: Running example 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 27 a a b b e e S S c c h h d || S d d

28. Proposal: Running example 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 28 a a b b e e S S c c h h d d

29. Proposal: Running example 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 29 a a b b e e f f c c h h d d g g S

30. Proposal: SESEs y RPST 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 30

31. 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 31 dfg be chijk R ah RPST - Refined Process Structure Tree

32. A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 32

33. Recommendations Based on logs – Conformance checking – Frequent behavior Based on models – Deadlocks – Complexity 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 33

34. Alignments Log-based recommendations 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 34 Non-fitting traces Fitting traces

35. Conformance Checking: Alignments a, b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k a, d, f, b, g, e, h, j, k a, d, b, e, c, f, g, h, i,k 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 35

36. 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 36 Modelabcdfgehjk Logabcdfg>>hjk Modeladfbgechjk Logadfbge>>hjk Modeladbecfghik Logadbecfghik

37. Log-based recommendations 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 37 Non-fitting traces Fitting traces

38. Log-based recommendations 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 38 Modeladbecfghik Logadbecfghik

39. Model-based recommendations 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 39 Complexity

40. Model-based recommendations 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 40 Deadlocks

41. Agenda General context Problems with existing methods Proposals Implementation Algorithm evaluation Conclusions and future work 41 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 31-07-2015

42. Implementation Developed on ProM – FeedbackRepair Plugin – Available for version 6.4 nighly builds Other libraries – jBPT - Business Process Technologies for Java 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 42

43. 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 43

44. 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 44

45. 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 45

46. Agenda General context Problems with existing methods Proposals Implementation Algorithm evaluation Conclusions and future work 46 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 31-07-2015

47. Evaluation Methodology User evaluation – Two user types Analysts Reaserchers Algorithm performance – Application of techniques on large models 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 47

48. User evaluation 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 48

49. Algorithm performance 50 simulated operations of each type in real model c-net |A| = 113 y |D| = 150 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 49 OperationC-net modificationRPST calculation Causality (  )0,123,2 Parallelism (||)0,113,6 Indifference (#)0,113,1 SESE collapse0,153,4 Total0,113,5 Average execution time (s)

50. Agenda General context Problems with existing methods Proposals Implementation Algorithm evaluation Conclusions and future work 50 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 31-07-2015

51. Conclusions Users agree on the usefulness of these tools and the validity of the methodology – Operators allows to include all kind of feedback – Subprocess collapsing is useful in this context Feasibility of incorporating multiple feedback operations in a few seconds 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 51

52. Future work New GUI Exhaustive SESE search methodology New operators New visualization libraries 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 52

53. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile School of Engineering Department of Computer Science A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets Nicolás Javier Pizarro de la Fuente Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering Advisor: Marcos Sepúlveda Fernández, Ph.D.

54. ANNEXES 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 54

55. Causal nets C = (A, a i, a o, D, I, O) – A is a set of activities – a i and a o are the initial and final activities, respectively – D is the set of dependency relations – I and O are the input and output functions 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 55

56. Causal nets – I and O are functions such that: with 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 56

57. Petri nets v/s causal nets 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 57

58. Adoption levels: Gartner Hype Cycle for Emergent Technologies 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 58

59. Definitions: Causality (  ) Causality ( ) (1): “y tiene que estar en el output set de x, así como x tiene que estar en el input set de y” (2) y (3): “Ninguna otra actividad que contenga a y en su input o output set puede tener a x y viceversa” 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 59 (1) (2) (3)

60. Definitions: Parallelism (||) Parallelism ( ) (1) y (2): “Si y aparece en el input o output set de alguna actividad, también debe aparecer x y viceversa” (3) y (4): “y no aparece ni en el input ni en el output set de x y viceversa” 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 60 (1) (2) (3) (4)

61. Definitions: Indifference (#) Indifference ( ) (1): “Las actividades no son ni una causalidad de la otra, ni tampoco son paralelas” 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 61 (1)

62. Algorithms 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 62 Causality

63. 31-07-2015 A feedback-based framework for process enhancement of causal nets 63 Parallelism Indifference