1. Wheel and Axle Jesus Villanueva Mike Ortiz Steven Castellano Harvey Vazquez Team : DO GE 101 Professor Davidian January 6, 2015

2. Wheel and Axle A wheel is a circular object that revolves on an axle and is fixed below a vehicle or other object to enable it to move easily over the ground An Axle is a rod or spindle (either fixed or rotating) passing through the center of a wheel or group of wheels. http://www.thinglink.com/scene/396687035139620865

3. Examples http://www.thinglink.com/scene/396687035139620865 http://pixgood.com/wheel-and-axle-examples-simple-machines.html

4. Different Types of Uses Bicycles Steering wheel Ferris wheel Carriages Yo-yos Pencil Sharpener Screwdriver http://www.infovisual.info/05/img_en/034%2 0Crank%20gear.jpg

5. Other Types http://www.scielo.br/img/revistas/jbsmse/v28n4/07f1.gif http://www.buzzle.com/images/diagrams/wheel-axle-examples.jpg

6. History The earliest well dated wheeled vehicle is on the Bronocice pot. The first wheel and axle was from around 4000BC when the Sumerians were beginning to live in cities. 300 years later in tribes of central Asia began making wagon wheels, which would need to have an axle to function.

7. Effects on Environment and People The wheel and axle is a great invention in human history because it makes the job easier for every person in the world like for transportation, moving objects. Without a wheel and axle we wouldn’t be able to move heavy objects to a different place. When having a wheel and axle combination you’re also creating an environment where there is less friction in place that is resisting your movement.

8. Applications Ever since the beginning, civilizations like Egypt, Rome, and China used the concept of wheel and axle to help with monumental and everyday structures. – Production and transportation of goods Wagons Pottery – Defenses Chariots Cannon Holder – Welfare Wells

9. Applications Even now in modern society, the usage of wheel and axle has grown. Transportation Automobiles Bicycles Airplanes Wheel Chairs Boats Energy Source Hydrogen Power dams Wind Power windmills Doorknobs

10. Pros vs. Cons Pros – The Mechanical advantage – The reduction of force needed for work – The convenience of space

11. Pros vs. Cons Cons – Not applicable in all terrain Without modifications – Contamination

12. Mechanical Advantage Mechanical advantage is the force amplified by the usage of the tool or tools. The mechanical advantage is the relationship between the force and distance inputted and outputted by the wheel and axle and is directly related to the radius of the wheel and the axle.

13. Mechanical Advantage SymbolMeaning MAMechanical Advantage RwRadius of wheel RaRadius of Axle

14. References http://hyperphysics.phy- astr.gsu.edu/hbase/mechanics/lever.html http://hyperphysics.phy- astr.gsu.edu/hbase/mechanics/lever.html http://www.buzzle.com/articles/simple-machine- wheel-and-axle.html http://www.buzzle.com/articles/simple-machine- wheel-and-axle.html http://www.gethiredbyfire.com/mechanical- aptitude-2/ http://www.gethiredbyfire.com/mechanical- aptitude-2/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_and_axle http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/641 655/wheel-and-axle http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/641 655/wheel-and-axle

15. Thank You