1. Language Assessment Chap. 6 Assessing Listening

2. Basic Types of Listening 1. Intensive. Listening for perception of components (phonemes, words, into- nation) of a larger stretch of language. 2. Responsive. Listening to a relatively short stretch of language ( a greeting, question, command, comprehension check, etc.) in order to make a short response.

3. Basic Types of Listening 3. Selective. Assessment tasks could ask to listen for names, numbers, directions, or certain facts and events. 4. Extensive. Listening to develop a top- down, global understanding of spoken language. Performance ranges from lengthy lectures, a conversation, to a comprehensive message. Listening for

4. the main idea, and for making inferences. Micro-skills of listening: attending to the smaller bits and chunks of language, in more of a bottom-up process. Macro-skills of listening: focusing on the larger elements involved in a top-down approach to a listening task. (p. 121)

5. Designing: Intensive Listening Phonemic pair, consonants Hear:He’s from California. Read:(a). He’s from California. (b). She’s from California.

6. Intensive Listening Phonemic pair, vowels Hear:Is he living? Read:(a). Is he leaving? (b). Is he living?

7. Sentence Paraphrase Hear: Hello, my name is Ken. I come from Japan. Read: (a). Ken is comfortable in Japan. (b). Ken wants to come to Japan. (c). Ken is Japanese. (d). Ken likes Japan.

8. Dialogue Paraphrase Hear: Man: Hi, Maria, my name’s George. Woman: Nice to meet you, George. Are you American? Man: No, I’m Canadian. Read: (a). George lives in the U. S. (b). George is American. (c). George comes from Canada.

9. Responsive Listening Response to a question Hear: How much time did you take to do your homework? Read: (a). In about an hour. (b). About an hour. (c). About $10. (d). Yes, I did.

10. Responsive Listening Open-ended response to a question Hear: How much time did you take to do your homework? Write/Speak: ______________________ (Good: authenticity & creativity Bad: practicality)

11. Selective Listening Listening Cloze (p. 126) In a listening cloze task, test-takers see a transcript of the passage that they are listening to and fill in the blanks with the words or phrases that they hear.

12. Information Transfer 1. Multiple-picture-cued selection (p. 127) 2. A number of people and/or actions are presented in one picture, such as a group of people at a party. Q: Is the tall man near the door talking to a short woman? T/F: The woman wearing a red skirt is watching TV. Identification: Point to the person who is standing behind the lamp.

13. Single-picture-cued verbal multiple-choice One single photo is presented to the test- taker, who then hears four different statements and must choose one of the four to describe the photo. (p. 128) Information transfer: chart-filling (p. 129) Sentence repetition: the task of repeating a sentence/a partial sentence

14. Extensive Listening Dictation: In a dictation, test-takers hear a passage, typically of 50 to 100 words, recited three times: first, at normal speed; then, with long pauses between phrases/natural word groups, and finally, at normal speed once more, during which test-takers write down what they have heard. (p. 131)

15. Communicative S-R Tasks The test-taker is presented with a stimulus monologue/conversation and then is asked to respond to a set of comprehension questions. (p. 133) 1. Dialogue and multiple-choice comprehension items 2. Dialogue and authentic questions on details

16. Authentic Listening Tasks A framework of alternatives 1. Note-taking: The gain of note-taking is in offering students an authentic task that mirrors what they have been focusing on in the classroom. 2. Editing: It provides both a written and a spoken stimulus, and requires the test-taker to listen for discrepancies.

17. Authentic Listening Tasks 3. Interpretive tasks: An interpretive task extends the stimulus material to a longer stretch of discourse and forces the test- taker to infer a response. 4. Retelling: In a related task, test-takers listen to a story or news event and retell it/summarize it, either orally or in writing.

18. Authentic Listening Tasks 5. Interactive listening: It is a two-way process of speaking and listening in face-to-face conversations.