1. Integumentary System

2. Classifications of Body Membranes
2 Main Categories of Body Membranes:
Epithelial membranes – epithelial & connective tissue
Connective tissue membranes – various types of connective tissues

3. 3 Types of Epithelial Membranes
Cutaneous Membrane – “the skin”
Primary organ of Int. System
Serous Membrane – on surfaces within closed cavities
Parietal Layer – lines the walls of a body cavity, like wallpaper
Visceral Layer – inward layer covering the surface of organs
Mucous Membrane
Line body surfaces opening directly to the exterior
Mucus – thick, slimy material; fxn: keep membranes moist/soft

4. Connective Tissue Membranes
Do NOT contain epithelial components
Synovial Membranes – line the joint capsules
Synovial Fluid – thick, colorless fluid; fxn: lubricate jnts.
Bursae – small sacs between moving body parts

5. SKIN - Functions Protection Sensory perception
Regulation of body temperature
Storage
Absorption
Excretion
Production

6. Components of the Skin

7. Layers of the Skin 1. Epidermis—outermost layer 2. Dermis—“true skin”
Subcutaneous fascia or hypodermis— the innermost layer

8. The Layers of Skin

9. Glands & Other Parts of the Skin
Sudoriferous glands (sweat glands)
Sebaceous glands (oil glands)
Hair
Nails

10. Hair Functions Varies by location
Scalp: insulates head; 1 mm/day
Nostril: filters
Eyebrow/lash: protects; keeps dust and perspiration out of eyes
Body: none
Arrector pili: pilomotor muscle; stimulated by cold and emotions. Attached to base of dermal papilla and side of follicle. Contraction = goose bumps.
Alopecia = hair loss

11. NAILS Protects the distal ends of phalanges
Provides ability to grip, pick up tiny objects
HCW observe for cyanosis to assess blood O2 if pulse ox not available

12. Skin Color—Pigmentation
Skin color is inherited and is determined by pigments in the epidermis
a. Melanin
b. Carotene

13. Skin Color—Albino Absence of skin pigments Skin has pinkish tint
Hair is pale yellow or white
Eyes are red in color and sensitive to light

14. Skin Color—Abnormal
Erythema
Jaundice
Cyanosis

15. Skin Lesions Any measurable variation in tissue structure
Not always a sign of disease
Can be flat, depressed or elevated

16. Depressed Lesions Excoriation: scratch exposing the dermis
Laceration: tearing of the skin
Abrasion: scraping
Pressure Ulcer: Decubutis ulcer bedsore
Fissure: deep crack

17. Skin Eruptions Macules (macular rash) Papules (papular rash) Crusts
Vesicles
Pustules
Crusts
Wheals
Ulcer

18. Papule: firm, raised; wart Plaque: large,raised region; psoriasis
Elevated Lesions
Papule: firm, raised; wart
Plaque: large,raised region; psoriasis
Vesicle: fluid filled; blister
Pustule: filled w/ pus; acne
Crust: scab
Wheal/hive: firm, raised, reddened w/ whiter center; insect bite

19. Chicken Pox

20. Skin infections
Impetigo: staph, strept. Erythema then vesicles. Contagious. Tx: antibiotics
Tinea: Mycoses (fungal). Erythema, scaling and crusting. Ex: Ringworm (tinea capitis), athletes foot (tinea pedis). Tx: antifungal
Warts: verruca, caused by papilloma virus. Contagious. Tx: removal
Boils: furnacle. Staph inf of hair follicle. Lg pustule. Tx: topical antibiotic
Scabies: itch mite. Contagious. Tx: scabicide and antihistamine

21. Impetigo

22. Ringworm

23. Inflammatory Conditions
Scleroderma: autoimmune. Affects blood vessels & connective tissue that causes hardening. Localized or Systemic
Psoriasis: chronic inflammation. Scaly patches. Tx: topical steroids
Eczema: most common. Papules, vesicles and crusts. Symptom of underlying condition. Tx: cause & topical steroids
Hives: urticaria (transient wheals) due to allergy or irritant. Pruritits (itching). Tx: varies, treat the cause

24. BURNS
Caused by fire, ultraviolet rays, electricity, chemicals. Cause will influence tx Severity: extent (total body surface area involved-%) + depth (layers involved) Extent of injury: Rule of 9’s to determine; 11 body areas 9% each Depth of inj: 1st, 2nd, 3rd degree 0_no_0.htm -

25. Rule of 9’s Estimation of body surface area involved
Ant head: 4.5% / Post head:4.5%
Ant arm: 4.5% / Post arm 4.5%
Ant leg: 9% / Post leg 9%
Ant trunk: 18% / Post trunk 18%
Modified in infants due to larger head size

26. Rule of 9’s

27. 1st DEGREE BURN Surface layers of epidermis
Some reddening and discomfort
No blistering
Sunburn
Partial thickness

28. 2nd Degree Deep epidermal and upper dermis Severe pain and blistering
May damage hair, sweat and oil glands
Swelling (edema) and fluid loss occurs
Scarring results
Partial thickness

29. 2nd Degree

30. 3rd Degree
Complete destruction of epidermis and dermis; may extend to SQ layer: full thickness burn (4TH degree if underlying bone/muscle tissue destroyed)
Little pain d/t destruction of nerve endings
Severe fluid loss
If it covers a large extent, the pt is critically ill; ultimately may die due to sepsis

31. 3rd Degree

32. Diseases and Abnormal Conditions
Peritonitis
Dermatitis what is this??
Eczema
Impetigo
Psoriasis
Ringworm
Verrucae/warts/plantar warts

33. Diseases and Abnormal Conditions
Acne vulgaris
Athlete’s foot
Burns
Skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Melanoma