1. ToK - Language How much could you know about the world if you had no language or means of communicating with other people?

2. ToK - Language Name an object....

3. ToK - Language Write a sentence describing what is happening in these two pictures: Compare versions...

4. ToK - Language Language is a subset of Communication.... but not all communication is language

5. ToK - Language Body Language

6. ToK - Language

9. What do we mean by language? Language is symbolic The use of a sound to stand for “that” object or idea: Red Tree Love

10. ToK - Language Symbols

11. ToK - Language Symbols

12. ToK - Language Symbols

13. ToK - Language What do we mean by language? Language is rule-governed. Language is intended. Language is creative and open-ended.

14. ToK - Language Rule-governed: Grammar Rules Accepted vocabulary Needs social agreement

15. ToK - Language Intended: Language is a form of communication, but not all communication is language You are bored in class, you catch someone’s eye and make a yawning gesture You are trying to look interested in what someone is saying but find yourself starting to yawn.

16. ToK - Language Creative and open-ended: You can write or speak a sentence that has never before appeared in the English language

17. ToK - Language Language enables us to communicate new information, to learn about people and places and ideas we have never encountered before…... but to what extent should we trust it?

18. ToK - Language There is an element of translation in every communication. A sends a message to B. B receives the message and interprets it. Misunderstanding takes place.

19. ToK - Language A volunteer to describe the drawing......

20. ToK - Language Why is it so difficult to communicate effectively?

21. ToK - Language Some of the reasons... Most of the message we communicate is non-verbal. The words we use are vague, imprecise, and can be interpreted in different ways. We may have a “hidden agenda” that is not mutually understood. In this community, we all have different language histories and experiences – verbal and non-verbal! This contributes to the “problem” of communication.

22. ToK - Language Problems of meaning Language changing Language used to influence and persuade.

23. ToK - Language Problems of meaning Vagueness: fast, slow, nice, bald Ambiguity: “Refuse to be put in the basket”, “Flying planes can be dangerous”, “Eats, shoots and leaves” Secondary meaning: love, death, school, priest Metaphor: “She has her head in the clouds”, “My brother is a butcher”, “My doctor is a butcher” Irony:“Nice weather!”

24. ToK - Language Changing language - language reflects our changing world. Gender issues Political correctness Technology Slang International travel Internet + media

25. ToK - Language Language used to influence and persuade. Propaganda and manipulation through language using: Emotionally laden words Weasel words Grammar Revealing and concealing

26. ToK - Language Emotionally laden words: Terrorist / Freedom fighter Pro-life / Pro-choice Free speech / Hate speech “Blocking your child’s access to objectionable material on the internet is not called Censorship – it’s called Parenting” Al Gore

27. ToK - Language Weasel Words: “many”,“ should”, “probably” “Probably the best lager in the world” “Our product can reduce wrinkles by 25%”

28. ToK - Language Grammar: “We bombed many villages” “Many villages were bombed”

29. ToK - Language Revealing and Concealing: “I have invited an attractive blonde to the party” “I have invited a cellist to the party” “I have invited my sister to the party” “I have invited a marathon runner to the party” “I have invited a lesbian to the party” “I have invited my best friend to the party” In war: Neutralise; Pacification; Liberate; Strategic Redeployment; Security Assistance

30. Aoccdrnig to rscheearch at a Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoetnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a total mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe.

31. ToK - Language