1. Pelagic Longline Fishing Procedures & Gear http://www.panda.org

2. Introduction  Pelagic longlining is global Fig 2 in Lewison et al. 2004

3. Objectives  Describe pelagic longline process  List 1 potential impact  Describe 3 components of pelagic longline gear  List 2 types of specialized equipment you may encounter  Demonstrate ability to complete the Gear Description form

4. What is pelagic longlining?  Hook & line gear – uses bait to attract fish in pelagic zone  Pelagic = open ocean (usu. <250m fishing depth) Image: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagic_zone

5. What is pelagic longlining?  Hook & line gear – uses bait to attract fish in pelagic zone  Pelagic = open ocean (usu. <250m fishing depth)  Primary targets: tuna, swordfish, sharks Images: Chapman 2006

6. What is pelagic longlining?  Hook & line gear – uses bait to attract fish in pelagic zone  Pelagic = open ocean (usu. <250m fishing depth)  Primary targets: tuna, swordfish, sharks  Bait = fish or squid depending on target Images: Beverly 2009

7. What is pelagic longlining?  Hook & line gear – uses bait to attract fish in pelagic zone  Pelagic = open ocean (usu. <250m fishing depth)  Primary targets: tuna, swordfish, sharks  Bait = fish or squid depending on target  Fishery impacts – bycatch of turtles, seabirds, sharks Nicolas Gascohttp://ccma.nos.noaa.gov F. Arocha

8. Data collection priorities 1. Estimate effort for each gear deployment; 2. Identify every individual caught on each set and assess catch condition and fate; 3. Collect biological information on target and other identified species as requested; 4. Record all sightings and interactions with marine mammals and sea turtles; 5. Record vessel and fishing gear characteristics.

9. How is gear fished?  Strategies http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/l http://www.meted.ucar.edu

10. How is gear fished?  Strategies  Deployment Photo: Kim Dietrich, Cape Town, 2010 www.montereybayaquarium.org

11. How is gear fished?  Strategies  Deployment  Retrieval  Video Video http://www.frpboat.cn/fishing-2998.asp

12. Gear components - overview Drawing modified from Hanrahan et al. 1997 Basket Dropper

13. Gear components - mainline

14. Gear components – gear markers Drawing modified from Hanrahan et al. 1997

17. Gear components - branchline Photo: Kim Dietrich, Cape Town 2010 Drawing modified from Hanrahan et al. 1997 Nylon mono (type 3) Leader

18. Snap (clip; www.leadertec.com) Swivels (Beverly 2009)

19. Gear components - hooks Offset image: Beverly 2009 Hook image modified from Beverly 2006, 2009

20. Gear components – other fish attracting devices Glow beads Chemical lights

21. Photo: K. Dietrich, 2012 Gear – deployment devices  Line setter Drawing: BirdLife International 2010  Bait caster

22. Gear – retrieval devices  Line hauler  Mainline drum  Branchline coiler  video video

23. Gear – seabird mitigation Photo: Washington Sea Grant Davit / tori pole Australia Department of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forestry

24. Gear – seabird mitigation Streamer curtain Water cannon Drawings: BirdLife International - Bycatch Mitigation Fact Sheet 12

25. Gear Description Form

26. Image: Beverly 2009

27. Gear Description Form

31.  Questions about gear or the gear form?  Practice exercise Groups of 2 15 minutes to complete Gear Description Form

32. Gear Description Form Y2474 00555 347 1 4 800 1 7 2 5 500 3 9 2 ~3 227 1 5 braided nylon 1 2.25 272 1 7 1 1.56 136 1 7 5 6

33. Gear Description Form Mustad j-hook 9/0 stainless 0 Mustad circle 16/0 stainless slight X X

34. Gear Description Form 14111411

35. Branchline coiler broke on July 7 and was not repaired for the duration of the trip; Vessel sometimes trailed 100m of rubber hose to deter birds. Hose was yellow & 1cm in diameter. They also placed an orange road cone at the terminal end None

36. Summary  Describe pelagic longlining  What are the potential impacts of this fishery?

37. Drawing modified from Hanrahan et al. 1997 2 3 1 4

38. Summary  Describe pelagic longlining  What are the potential impacts of this fishery?  Describe 4 components of pelagic longline gear  List 2 types of specialized equipment you may encounter on pelagic longline vessels

39. References  Beverly, S. 2006. Hooks used in longline fishing. SPC Fisheries Newsletter 117:45-48.  Beverly, S. 2009. Longline terminal gear Identification guide - Draft. Submitted to the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission, Scientific Committee, Fifth Regular Session, 10-21 August 2009, Port Vila, Vanuatu, WCPFC-SC5-2009/FT-IP-01, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Marine Resources Division, Coastal Fisheries Programme, Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia.  BirdLife International Bycatch Mitigation Fact Sheet 11 (Version 1)  BirdLife International Bycatch Mitigation Fact Sheet 12 (Version 1)  Chapman, L., P. Sharples, D. Brogan, A. Desurmont, S. Beverly, and W. Sokimi. 2006. Marine species identification manual for horizontal longline fishermen. Secretariat of the Pacific Community, New Caledonia.  Hanrahan, J., D. J. Melindy, and J. V. Pelrine. 1997. At-sea Observer Program Operations Manual: A Training Aid and Field Reference. National At- sea Fisheries Observer Program, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Ottawa, Canada.  Lewison, R. L., S. A. Freeman, and L. B. Crowder. 2004. Quantifying the effects of fisheries on threatened species: the impact of pelagic longlines on loggerhead and leatherback sea turtles. Ecology Letters 7:221-231.

40. Misc photos http://www.frpboat.cn/fishing-2998.asp http://www.ecplaza.net/search/0s1nf20sell/tuna_longline_fishing_vessel.html Cuban longline vessel: FAO Western Central Atlantic Fishery Commission. 2002

41. Introduction  Pelagic longlining is global

43. Question 1 List 3 components of pelagic longline gear.

44. Question 2 What are the 3 types of hooks you may encounter on a pelagic longline vessel?

45. Question 3 List the 3 forms that must be completed that are specific to pelagic longline vessels.

46. Question 4 List 3 pieces of information that must be collected from each organism

47. Question 5 TRUE or FALSE – You can reduce the amount of catch composition sampling if you are fishing in the same area for several days.

48. Question 6 TRUE or FALSE – Longline hooks that are offset lay flat (in one plane).

49. Question 7 List one piece of specialized equipment you may find on a longline vessel.

50. Question 8 If a vessel deploys 85 sections (baskets) of longline gear and there are 20 hooks/section, how many total hooks were deployed?

51. Question 9 TRUE or FALSE – Observers are expected to monitor every set for catch composition.

52. Question 10 TRUE or FALSE – A damage code should be recorded for every animal caught.

53. Question 1 List 3 components of pelagic longline gear. Mainline Branchline Hooks Floats Gear marker

54. Question 2 What are the 3 types of hooks you may encounter on a pelagic longline vessel? Tuna J-hook Circle

55. Question 3 List the 3 forms that must be completed that are specific to pelagic longline vessels. Pelagic longline gear description Set & Haul Information – pelagic longline Catch Composition – pelagic longline

56. Question 4 List 3 pieces of information that must be collected from each organism Hook number Species name/code Condition when caught Condition upon discard (incl.kept) Sex Length type & measurement

57. Question 5 TRUE or FALSE – You can reduce the amount of catch composition sampling if you are fishing in the same area for several days. FALSE

58. Question 6 TRUE or FALSE – Longline hooks that are offset lay flat (in one plane). FALSE

59. Question 7 List one piece of specialized equipment you may find on a longline vessel. Line hauler (mainline) Branchline hauler/coiler Line shooter Bait caster (thrower)

60. Question 8 If a vessel deploys 85 sections (baskets) of longline gear and there are 20 hooks/section, how many total hooks were deployed? 85 * 20 = 1700

61. Question 9 TRUE or FALSE – Observers are expected to monitor every set for catch composition. TRUE

62. Question 10 TRUE or FALSE – A damage code should be recorded for every animal caught. FALSE