1. Europeans Explore the East
Chapter 19
Section 1

2. Key Terms Bartolomeu Dias Prince Henry Vasco da Gama
Treaty of Tordesillas
Dutch East India Company

3. The Drive to Explore Driven by search for wealth
Desired expensive spices, silk, perfume from India and China
Flow of good to Europe controlled by the Italians
Some people wanted fame and glory

4. The Drive to Explores Hoped to spread faith into new lands
Writings by Marco Polo intrigued explorers
Introduced to different goods the Crusaders
Muslims and Italians controlled goods from the East to West

5. Advances in Technology
Compass and astrolabe helped in navigation
Compass always pointed North
Astrolabe used the moon and stars
Ships built to ride lower in the water
Capable of withstanding heavier waves

6. Advances in Technology
Had larger cargo holds
Caravel- a light fast ship, highly maneuverable
Steered from a rudder in the stern
Triangular sails to catch the wind
Could be used to sail directly into the wind

7. Advances in Technology
Could be equipped with cannon
Could face hostile ships
Popular because of maneuverability and defensive ability

8. Explorers from Spain and Portugal
Portugal- first country with large scale voyages
Henry the Navigator-the prince was a patron of the explorers
1400’s Henry established a small court

9. Prince Henry 1415 helped to conquer Muslims in North Africa
Saw dazzling wealth beyond Europe
Portuguese found
Pepper
Cinnamon
Cloves and other spices
Gold, silver, and jewels

10. Explorers from Portugal and Spain
Sailors
Mapmakers
Astronomers
People interested in navigation
Explored the Atlantic
Western coast of Africa
Settled in the Azores and Madeira islands

11. Explorers from Portugal and Spain
Portuguese sailors learned Africa’s coast
Gold and slave trade
Goal to find a water route around Africa to India
1488 Bartolomeu Dias first European to sail around southern Africa

12. Explorers from Portugal and Spain
1497 Vasco de Gama set out for India
10 months to reach India
Learned about Muslim traders
Rounded Africa in 1498
Explored Africa’s east coast

13. Portuguese Sailors Reach Asia
Port Calicut in India
Amazed at the stores filled with
Spices
Rare silks
Precious gems
Cargo was worth 60 times the cost of the voyage
Trip 27,000 miles

14. Explorers from Portugal and Spain
Portuguese established trading centers in India
Sailed to lands in Indonesia
Became one of the richest and most powerful people

15. Portugal’s Trading Empire
Portugal built a fort at Hormuz
Had control of the strait of Hormuz
Stopped Muslim traders from reaching Spain
Wanted to crush Muslim-Italian domination over Asian trade

16. The Spanish
1492 Isabella and Ferdinand agreed to pay for Christopher Columbus’s voyage
Though he could sail west to China
Theory correct, size of the earth was wrong
Reached the Caribbean

17. The Spanish Thought he reached Asian islands after two months
Called the people Indians
Returned to Spain in 1493
Brought back native Americans, gold silver, parrots, plants

18. The Spanish Columbus made three more trips Opened door to colonization
Portuguese thought Columbus claimed land for Spain that they reached first

19. Spain Also Makes Claim
Rivalry between Spain and Portugal grew more tense
Pope Alexander VI stepped in to keep the peace
Pope drew a line in the Atlantic

20. Treaty of Tordesillas All lands to the West of the line went to Spain
Lands to the East Portugal
Spain included most of the lands in the Americas
Portugal received modern day Brazil

21. Other Nations Challenge Portugal
1600 English and Dutch challenged Portugal’s dominance
Netherlands leading sea power with 20,000 ships
Pressure from English and Dutch Eroded Portugal’s influence

22. East India Company Both countries formed the company Had power to
Mint money
Make Treaties
Raise their own armies
Dutch East India Company richer and more powerful
Drove out the English

23. Dutch Trade Outpost Dutch establish headquarters on the island of Java
1600’s extended its control of the India Ocean
1700’s Amsterdam became a leading commercial center
Controlled the Cape of Good Hope

24. British and French Traders
1700 Britain and France gain a foothold
England focused energy on India
Traded Indian cloth to Europe
France faced attacks by the Dutch
Establish an Indian outpost by 1720

25. British and French Traders
Europeans battled for Indian Ocean Trade
Influence in Southeast Asia Limited
European traders did take control of many port towns
People of Asia remained unaffected by European contact