1. Mission Analysis “COMBINED” TASK FORCE TRAINING
Good Morning. I am LTC quintero and I will be the primary briefer and facilitator for this morning’s Mission Analysis Brief.

2. Purpose
Discuss Techniques and Procedures for conducting an operational mission analysis
First step of Commander’s Estimate process
Operational level (includes strategic military and politico-military objectives)
The purpose of the briefing
MISSION ANALYSIS ANALYSES THE ASSIGNED MISSION, INCLUDING ASSIGNED STRATEGIC MILITARY AND POLITICO-MILITARY OBJECTIVES, AND RELATED TASKS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE NEXT HIGHER ECHELON’S CAMPAIGN PLAN OR OPERATION ORDER.
11 STEP PROCESS.
THE RESULT DEFINES THE OPERATIONAL PROBLEM AND BEGINS THE PROCESS OF DETERMINING FEASIBLE SOLUTIONS.

3. References JP 3-0, Doctrine for Joint Operations, 1 Feb 95
JP , Procedures for Forming and Operating a Joint Task Force, 13 Jan 99
CJCSM , JTF Headquarters Master Training Guide, 15 Apr 97
THIS IS A LIST OF THE REFERENCES THAT WERE USED TO PREPARE THIS BRIEFING.
JOINT PUB 3-0, THE KEYSTONE DOCUMENT FOR JOINT OPERATIONS, ESTABLISHES THE FRAMEWORK FOR OUR FORCES’ ABILITY TO FIGHT AS A JOINT TEAM.

4. Crisis Action Planning Process
Situation
Development II
Crisis
Assessment
III
Course of
Action
Development IV
Course of
Action
Selection V
Execution
Planning
OPORD VI
Execution
Deployment
Data Base
Execute
Order
Warning
Order
Planning
Order
Alert
Order I
Mission Analysis/
Restated Mission
AND/OR
THIS IS OUR RECOMMENDATION FOR PROCESSING THE WARNING ORDER ONCE RECEIVED.
THE COURSE OF ACTION (COA) DEVELOPMENT PHASE OF CRISIS ACTION PLANNING (CAP) IMPLEMENTS AN NCA DECISION TO DEVELOP MILITARY OPTIONS IN RESPONSE TO A CRISIS AND WILL USUALLY BEGIN UPON RECEIPT OF A HICON’s WARNING ORDER
THIS WARNING ORDER WILL ESTABLISH COMMAND RELATIONSHIPS AND IDENTIFY THE MISSION AND ANY PLANNING CONSTRAINTS THE CTF STAFF MUST CONSIDER.
THIS BEGINS THE COMMANDER’S ESTIMATE PROCESS, OF WHICH MISSION ANALYSIS IS THE FIRST PHASE.
AS SHOWN, MISSION ANALYSIS IS THE FIRST PHASE AND PERHAPS THE MOST IMPORTANT ASPECT OF THE COMMANDER’S ESTIMATE PROCESS.
THIS PHASE IDENTIFIES WHERE WE ARE GOING AND HOW WE WILL GET THERE.
IT IS THE BASIS FOR ALL FURTHER PLANNING AND... II
Course of Action
Development
III
Analysis of Opposing
Courses of Action IV
Comparison of Own
Courses of Action V
Commander’s
Decision
Combined
Commander’s Estimate Process

5. Mission Analysis Objectives
Common understanding of the problem
CTF restated mission
Most probable & most risky courses of action
Commander’s guidance & approval to continue planning
...AT THE CONCLUSION OF MISSION ANALYSIS THIS IS WHAT WE WILL HAVE ACHIEVED.
AS THIS IS MISSION ANALYSIS DONE AT THE OPERATIONAL LEVEL, WE MUST REMEMBER TO WRITE OUR OWN CTF RESTATED MISSION AND NOT SIMPLY RESTATE THE HICON’S MISSION FROM HIS WARNING ORDER.
The MPAT/planning element conducts an operational mission analysis to understand strategic and operational situations, HICON’s intent and concept, and develop essential tasks and a clear CTF mission statement .
The commander now focus’s the staff with his planning and execution guidance.

7. Mission Analysis Combined Planning Group
NGO/PVO
INTER-
NATIONAL
ORGs
Personnel
Air/Sea
Lift
TPFDD
JIC C2
SPT IO
Host Nation
Core planning
group
Fires
Legal
Engineer
AT A MINIMUM WE SEE THESE AREAS AS A REQUIREMENT TO BE ADDRESSED. SOME AS YOU NOTICE ARE NOT RESTRICTED TO THE MILITARY, BUT INCLUDE OTHER GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS AND NGOs.
ONCE WE HAVE DEFINED MISSION ANALYSIS, WE MUST DETERMINE WHO DOES IT
RUNNING A CTF IS A COMPLEX PROCEDURE, AND AT THE OPERATIONAL LEVEL THERE ARE MANY PLAYERS ON THE PLANNING FIELD. WE NEED TO DEVELOP A STRUCTURE WHICH WILL SUPPORT PLANNING OF COMPLEX OPERATIONS INVOLVING MANY FUNCTIONAL AREAS
JOINT DOCTRINE CALLS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A JOINT PLANNING GROUP, USUALLY RUN BY THE J5, TO FULFILL THIS MISSION. IN CASES WHERE THIS INVOLVES MULTI-ASIAN NATIONS, THE PRIME MINISTER, CHIEF OF CIVIL AFFAIRS, SENIOR GOVERNMENT OR MILTARY OFFICIALS MAY CHAIR THIS REQUIREMENT. THE CPG(MPAT) HAS REPRESENTATION FROM ALL STAFF DISCIPLINES, TO ENSURE INPUT FROM EVERYONE IN THE MISSION ANALYSIS PROCESS.
SOF
Logistics
PSYOPS
Public
Affairs
Civil
Affairs
Component
LNOs

8. CTF Planning Timeline for Backward Planning
MISSION
ANALYSIS
COA
W.O.#1
W.O.#2
CONTINUOUS INFORMATION TO COMPONENTS
W.O.#3 MA
BRIEF
DEVELOPMENT
DECISION
ISSUE
PLAN
CDR’S
ESTIMATE
PREPARE
SYNCHRO
DATE__________
MISSION ANALYSIS BRIEF TO CFC
FIRST W.O.TO COMPONENTS
SECOND W.O. TO NATIONS
WRITTEN ORDER DEADLINE
ORDER PRODUCTION DEADLINE
ORDER DISSEMINATION DEADLINE
CRITICAL ACTIVITIES & DEADLINES
THIRD W.O. TO COMPONENTS
NATIONS BRIEFBACK TO CFC
DECISION BRIEF TO CFC
CDR’S ESTIMATE TO CFC DEADLINE
THIS IS A TIMELINE WHICH DEPICTS THE PLANNING PROCESS AND CAN HELP IN SEQUENCING EVENTS.
YOU CAN SEE MISSION ANALYSIS IS AT THE BEGINNING OF A LONG AND COMPLICATED PROCESS.
IT IS ESSENTIAL THAT ALL THE WORK DONE DURING THIS PHASE IS CAPTURED AND AVAILABLE FOR FUTURE PLANNING SESSIONS

9. Task Steps Mission Analysis Determine the Facts Develop Assumptions
Analyze Mission & CDR’s Int
Develop Limitations
Determine Centers of Gravity
Identify Tasks to be Performed
Initial Force Structure Analysis
Conduct Initial Risk Assessment
Determine the End State
Develop Mission Statement
I’VE TALKED ABOUT WHAT MISSION ANALYSIS IS AND WHO DOES IT, NOW THE WHY...THE PURPOSE OF CONDUCTING AN OPERATIONAL MISSION ANALYSIS IS TO UNDERSTAND THE STRATEGIC AND OPERATIONAL SITUATIONS, THE CINC’S INTENT AND CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS, AND TO DEVELOP ESSENTIAL TASKS AND A CLEAR JOINT TASK FORCE MISSION STATEMENT.
THIS IS THE TASK SEQUENCE WE WILL DISCUSS TODAY AND AS YOU CAN SEE THERE ARE SEVERAL STEPS.
Mission Analysis
Mission Analysis Brief

10. Determine Known Facts, Current Status, or Conditions
Tasking(s) from the “HICON” will normally include the following:
Situation Update
Force Structure
Time Constraints
Deception Plan (If Applicable)
Command Relationships
Can come in the form of a WARNING ORDER(forces), ALERT ORDER or PLANNING ORDER, UN/SECURITY COUNCIL DECISION /RESOLUTION OR TREATY.
ALL STAFF DIRECTORATES, FROM PERSONNEL TO COMMUNICATIONS, GATHER FACTS TO BEGIN THE MISSION ANALYSIS PROCESS, AND I’LL BRIEFLY GO INTO EXAMPLES FOR EACH STAFF AREA.
THEY START WITH THE TASKING FROM THE HICON WHICH CONTAINS THE INITIAL PLANNING GUIDANCE.

11. Determine Facts CTF Staff
Contribute to development of CIPB
Staff sections determine:
Other known facts
Current status or condition
Monitor CPG outputs

12. Determine Facts J1 Determines personnel status of forces
Develop or implement personnel status reporting system
JTF augmentation requirements .
THIS IS THE TYPE OF INFORMATION THE J1 NEEDS TO BE ABLE TO BRING TO THE PLANNING MEETING.
IF IT DEALS WITH PERSONNEL, THE J1 NEEDS TO KNOW THOSE FACTS.
WITHIN PACOM, JTF AUGMENTATION IS PROVIDED BY THE DEPLOYABLE JOINT TASK FORCE AUGMENTATION CELL OR DJTFAC, OF WHICH THE PERSONNEL SUPPORTING YOU ARE MEMBERS.

13. Determine Facts J2/JISE
Define the battlespace environment
Describe the battlespace’s effects
Evaluate the threat
Develop or implement multinational intelligence sharing plan
With JPG determine most probable and most dangerous enemy COAs
J2 HAS A GREAT DEAL OF INFORMATION TO PREPARE.
THEY NEED TO:
ANALYZE THE JOA
CONDUCT INTELLIGENCE PREPARATION OF THE BATTLESPACE.
DETERMINE THE STATUS OF FRIENDLY INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT
J2 IS ALSO RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENEMY MOST PROBABLE (MP)COA AND MOST DANGEROUS (MD)COA, WHICH WE SHOWED UP FRONT AS ONE OF THE ESSENTIAL PRODUCTS TO BE PRODUCED DURING MISSION ANALYSIS
JOA: AN AREA OF LAND, SEA, AND AIRSPACE DEFINED BY A GEOGRAPHIC COMBATANT CDR OR CINC, IN WHICH A JOINT FORCE CDR CONDUCTS MILITARY OPS TO ACCOMPLISH A SPECIFIC MISSION.
THE NEXT FEW SLIDES GIVE EXAMPLES OF THE TYPES OF GRAPHIC AIDS THE J2 ELEMENT CAN PREPARE FOR THE PLANNING GROUP.

14. Logistics Logistical readiness forces
Availability of support and infrastructure in Combined OA
Deployment estimates for forces and equipment
Requirements vs capabilities analysis
J4, examines the impact of the available infrastructure on the operation
Focuses on the status of hard to obtain materials and services

15. Policy, Plans and Political Considerations
Over-flight and crossing borders
Staging bases for personnel and equipment
Logistics support (Facilities and HNS)
Non-Combatant Evacuation Operations (NEO) limitations
Treaties
Political considerations may take the form of assumptions
J5 MUST LOOK AT THE POLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS AT THE OPERATIONAL LEVEL. THESE ARE EXTREMELY IMPORTANT ISSUES AND MUST BE RESOLVED EARLY ON IN THE PROCESS

16. Communications Available communications resources
Topography of the Combined OA
Communications readiness of available forces
Interoperability between combined forces and agencies
CTF PLAD( )
Establish communications
FINALLY, THIS IS THE TYPE OF DATA THE J6 MUST DETERMINE.
THEY ALSO MAY WANT TO DETERMINE THE TOPOGRAPHY OF THE COA AND HOW IT MIGHT AFFECT COMMUNICATIONS.
PLAD: PLAIN LANGUAGE ADDRESS

17. Develop Assumptions Replaces missing or unknown facts in planning
May cover
All the difficulties effecting the Situation
All the abilities effecting the Situation
Success of Friendly Supporting Operations
Must be logical, realistic, and addressed for planning to continue
Never assume away possible problems, concerns or issues that may adversely effect our required endstate
J1 considers
Readiness at probable execution
Replacement requirements
Medical evacuation requirements
J2 considers
Enemy intentions--probable coas, vulnerabilities
J3 considers
Availability of and support requirements for host nation or multinational forces
Status of forces at probable execution
J4 considers
Health services support requirements & capabilities (in conjunction with the surgeon)
Availability of supplies and services to support projected operations
Available transportation for inter and intra-theater deployments

18. Example Planning Assumptions
Country GREEN will allow use of its ports and air heads for transit of personnel and equipment
Country GREEN will allow overflight rights to multi-national support aircraft
Shipping and air augmentation assets will be available when country BLUE formally joins coalition
Country RED will not participate with forces and equipment forward, however provide medical support with-in their country
Country BROWN provide facilities for refueling of aircraft and ships
Country WHITE will remain neutral but will deploy major parts of its armed forces along the border with country GREEN
HERE ARE SOME EXAMPLE ASSUMPTIONS.
KEY IS THAT, ASSUMPTIONS ARE NEVER UNCHANGEABLE. THEY MUST BE CONTINUOUSLY CHECKED, REVALIDATED, AND CHANGED UNTIL THEY ARE PROVEN TO BE FACTS OR ARE OVERCOME BY EVENTS.

19. Analyze HICON’S Mission and Intent
National Endstate or Inter/Multi-National Resolution
HICON’S Mission, Intent, and Combined End State
Define and Analyze the Combined Operations Area (COA)
Identify Tasks From Outside the Military
Home Nation’s Requirements
Asian Interests and Concerns
UN Public Statements
International Government Positions
International/Regional Organizations
The CPG/MPAT examines the initial warning order to determine the information on this slide.
Most likely this will be performed by the core CPG, as the other members are busy gathering facts in their own areas.
Object is to glean all of the pertinent planning data and make sure everyone is on the same sheet of music.
Most important, ask for clarification from the HICON’S staff.

20. Determine Limitations
Restrictions placed on the CTF
Constraints: Things the CTF must do
Restraints: Things the CTF cannot do
Imposed by higher headquarters
Implied by conditions, circumstances or other
LIMITATIONS ARE CONDITIONS THAT LIMIT THE COMMANDER’S FREEDOM OF ACTION
THE CPG IDENTIFIES ALL LIMITATIONS THAT WILL IMPACT THE PLANNING PROCESS.
CONSTRAINTS ARE: -- REQUIRED ACTIONS THAT LIMIT FREEDOM OF ACTION
RESTRAINTS ARE: -- ACTIONS THE CTF IS PROHIBITED FROM TAKING.

21. Determine Centers of Gravity
Those characteristics, capabilities, or locations from which we will derive our best success.
Both event requirements(enemy) and international support(friendly) centers of gravity are analyzed
Used as a tool to help determine strengths and weaknesses
ANALYSIS OF COGS HELPS IDENTIFY FRIENDLY AND ENEMY STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES.
ENEMY CENTERS OF GRAVITY ARE: -- THE KEY FACTOR IN DEVELOPMENT AND ANALYSIS OF FRIENDLY COURSES OF ACTION. E.G. THE IRAQI REPUBLICAN GUARDS UNITS WERE DETERMINED TO BE AN ENEMY COG DURING THE PERSIAN GULF WAR. DESTROYING THEM WAS A WAY TO REDUCE THE IRAQI ARMY’S FREEDOM OF ACTION, PHYSICAL STRENGTH AND WILL TO FIGHT.
FRIENDLY COGS ARE: -- THE KEY FACTOR IN PROJECTING ENEMY COURSES OF ACTION AGAINST THE JTF. E.G., IS US NATIONAL WILL A FRIENDLY COG THAT COULD BE ATTACKED BY THE ENEMY? (SOMALIA) THIS FACTOR COULD AFFECT OUR OWN DEVELOPMENT AND ANALYSIS OF FRIENDLY COAS.
JP 1-02

22. Identify Tasks Specified -- Stated in the CINC’s directive
Implied -- Not stated, but necessary to do the mission
Essential -- Of the above, which must be done to achieve success.
To identify tasks, the staff lists, all specified tasks. These are usually stated in the CINC’s order, usually in paragraph 2, 3, and annexes.
Develop implied tasks -- tasks that are not specifically assigned, but must be accomplished to perform the mission.
Determine essential tasks -- from the first two categories, which are those tasks required to achieve the conditions that define success.

23. Mission Analysis Worksheet
Tasks
(1) Conduct Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief
(2) Assist in the immediate restoration of Life Support Systems
(3) Provide expertise assistance in the rebuilding of infrastructure
Specified
(1) Assist in the establishment off-site medical facilities
(2) Provide manpower and equipment to build life support systems
(3) Make experts available as required
Implied
(1) Establish ISB
(2) Establish Centralized RAOC and C3 for inbound/outbound support
(3) Define ROE and Force Protection Requirements
HERE’S ANOTHER EXAMPLE WORKSHEET THAT CAN BE USED TO RECORD THE IDENTIFIED TASKS.
Essential
1. Specified are stated in the CINC’s directive
2. Implied are not stated, but necessary to do the mission
3. Essential or, of the above, those which must be done to achieve success

24. Mission Analysis Worksheet For Possible Mission Areas
Initial JTF Force Structure Analysis
Assets available
Comment (Readiness, composition, etc)
Assets required
HERE’S ANOTHER EXAMPLE MISSION ANALYSIS WORKSHEET THAT CAN BE USED, THIS ONE TO CAPTURE FORCE STRUCTURE DATA.
THIS EXAMPLE GRAPHICALLY PORTRAYS THE THOUGHT PROCESS FROM THE PREVIOUS SLIDE.
1. What do we need to do the essential tasks?
2. What do we already have?
3. What is the shortfall?
4. Include NGOs/PVOs and other International agencies if considered in planning.
5. What do we not need-how much money do we save.

25. Initial Force Structure Analysis
Capabilities required to accomplish tasks?
What non-traditional/non-military tasks can be performed by military forces?
What do we already have?
What is the shortfall?
Determine what broad force structure is necessary to accomplish the essential tasks. For example, does the JTF need a carrier battle group or forcible entry capabilities?
Of those required, what does the JTF currently have for planning (see HICON’s planning directive)
What is the difference between the two?
Caution: this is just an initial JTF force structure analysis. More specific requirements will be determined after the courses of action have been developed and analyzed!

26. Specified & Implied Tasks
TASK GREEN RED BLUE WHITE BRN
TASK Army Navy AF MARINES SOF x
1. Conduct PSYOPs x
2. Interface w/ NGOs x
3. Secure Convoys
4. Cond Dismounted Patrols x
5. Clear Mines x x x
6. Rear Area Security
ONCE WE’VE DEFINED OUR TASKS, WE DON’T ABANDON THESE SPECIFIED AND IMPLIED TASKS. THEY BECOME VERY USEFUL IN THE LATER STAGES OF THE PLANNING PROCESS.
THIS TASK LIST BECOMES THE BASIS OF THE TASKS TO SUBORDINATE UNITS.
WE ALSO USE THIS LIST TO BEGIN DEVELOPING OUR TIME PHASED FORCE DEPLOYMENT DOCUMENT. THIS ASSISTS THE TPFDD PLANNERS IN DEVELOPING THE TPFDD CONCURRENTLY WITH THE PLANNING PROCESS. x
7. Distribute Food x x
8. Provide Air Traffic Cont
Initiates TPFDD Working Group

27. Initial Risk Assessment
What are the risks associated with the mission assigned by the HICON?
Where is the HICON willing to accept risk?
Do limitations, assigned tasks or assumptions create risk?
In risk assessment, the staff determines the initial broad risks associated with the mission. For example:
Forward presence vs risk of provocation
High risk of significant casualties
Medium risk of damage to civilian infrastructure
Low risk of terrorist activities in the COA
HICON’S intent might state or imply acceptable risk in his commander’s intent

28. Operational End State
“Achieving the desired end state seldom, if ever, ends US national efforts to protect interests in a situation. The term end state simply represents the set of conditions necessary to resolve a crisis and transition from predominant use of the military instrument of national power to other instruments.”
A QUOTE FROM JP 3-0
EMPHASIZING THE IMPORTANCE OF ENDSTATE.
JP 3-0, Chapter III

29. Determine End State Review higher CTF’S guidance
Consider basic military principles
Consider conditions necessary to end event effects(measures of effectiveness)
Consider conditions for transition to nonmilitary led operations
Establishing authority may have provided guidance and focus for CTF operations in an intent statement which may include strategic or operational implications, or both.
Understand the difference between preliminary end state conditions, often described as a military end state, and a broader set of end state conditions, when military force is no longer the principal means to attain the strategic ends. The broader end state typically involves returning to a state of peace and stability and may include a variety of diplomatic, economic, informational and military conditions.
Basic principals. Consider that end state conditions must contribute to the end of support operations on terms favorable to the Multi-national force, partners.
Conditions to end armed conflict. Consider conditions that apply to an enemy force, such as:
Ability to continue aggressive operations
Ability to command and control certain sized operations
Ability to support or reinforce operations

30. Restated Mission Who: CTF What: Essential Tasks
When: When Directed by HICON
Where: AOR
Why: Operational End State
From the essential tasks we develop a carefully crafted mission statement containing these items
The who, what, when, where, and why. Task and purpose.
Remember, we are at the operational level and need to keep our re-stated mission at that level.

31. Task Steps Mission Analysis Determine the Facts Develop Assumptions
Analyze Mission & Intent
Determine Limitations
Determine Centers of Gravity
Identify Tasks to be Performed
Initial Force Structure Analysis
Conduct Initial Risk Assessment
Determine the End State
Develop Mission Statement
WITH THE CONCLUSION OF THE MISSION ANALYSIS BRIEF THE PROCESS IS COMPLETE.
AS YOU CAN SEE, MISSION ANALYSIS IS A LENGTHY, BUT NECESSARY PROCESS THAT REQUIRES STAFF TRAINING, KNOWLEDGE AND COHESIVENESS. AS WITH ANY TRAINING, THERE ARE AREAS THAT CONTINUALLY REQUIRE EMPHASIS.
Mission Analysis
Mission Analysis Brief

32. Lessons Learned The HICON’s mission is not the CTF mission.
Identify the operational end state before the restated mission
Only essential tasks in the restated mission
Save the specified and implied task list. They become tasks to subordinate units or coordinating instructions in the CTF OPORD
Force closure estimates become limitations in COA development
Identify tasks or limitations outside of the military is a must
Avoid inappropriate assumptions
These are some of the lessons learned from past operations.

33. Crisis Action Planning Process
Situation
Development II
Crisis
Assessment
III
Course of
Action
Development IV
Course of
Action
Selection V
Execution
Planning
OPORD VI
Execution
Deployment
Data Base
Execute
Order
Warning
Order
Planning
Order
Alert
Order I
Mission Analysis/
Restated Mission
AND/OR
THE COURSE OF ACTION (COA) DEVELOPMENT PHASE OF CRISIS ACTION PLANNING (CAP) IMPLEMENTS AN HICON’S DECISION TO DEVELOP MILITARY OPTIONS IN RESPONSE TO A CRISIS AND WILL USUALLY BEGIN UPON RECEIPT OF A UN WARNING ORDER
THIS WARNING ORDER WILL ESTABLISH COMMAND RELATIONSHIPS AND IDENTIFY THE MISSION AND ANY PLANNING CONSTRAINTS THE CTF STAFF MUST CONSIDER.
THIS BEGINS THE COMBINES COMMANDER’S ESTIMATE PROCESS, OF WHICH MISSION ANALYSIS IS THE FIRST PHASE.
AS SHOWN, MISSION ANALYSIS IS THE FIRST PHASE AND PERHAPS THE MOST IMPORTANT ASPECT OF THE COMMANDER’S ESTIMATE PROCESS.
THIS PHASE IDENTIFIES WHERE WE ARE GOING AND HOW WE WILL GET THERE.
IT IS THE BASIS FOR ALL FURTHER PLANNING AND... II
Course of Action
Development
III
Analysis of Opposing
Courses of Action IV
Comparison of Own
Courses of Action V
Commander’s
Decision
Commander’s Estimate Process

34. Mission Analysis End State
Common understanding of the problem
CTF restated mission
Mission Analysis Briefing
Combined Commander’s guidance & approval to continue planning
As stated up front... This is our desired end state for the mission analysis phase.