1. The Greeks

2. Minoan civilization On Crete-an island surrounded by the Aegean Sea. On Crete-an island surrounded by the Aegean Sea. Do not know the real name of these people. Do not know the real name of these people. Named after Minos the legendary king of Crete. Named after Minos the legendary king of Crete.

4. Minoan civilization Success was based on trade not conquest. Success was based on trade not conquest. Rulers lived in the palace at Knossos Rulers lived in the palace at Knossos There were religious shrines-areas dedicated to honor gods and goddesses. There were religious shrines-areas dedicated to honor gods and goddesses. Walls were decorated with frescos-watercolor paintings done on plaster. Walls were decorated with frescos-watercolor paintings done on plaster. –Showed that women may have had some freedom. The civilization disappeared. The civilization disappeared. –Possible volcano, earthquake, or tidal wave.

6. Mycenae Indo-European people who conquered the Greek mainland and then overran Crete. Indo-European people who conquered the Greek mainland and then overran Crete. They were sea traders They were sea traders –Went as far as Sicily, Italy, Egypt, and Mesopotamia Lived in separate city-states on the Mainland Lived in separate city-states on the Mainland –Warrior-kings built a thick walled fortress from which he ruled the surrounding areas. –They had lots of treasure

7. Trojan war Thought to be a myth until Heinrich Schliemann set out to prove it was true. Thought to be a myth until Heinrich Schliemann set out to prove it was true. He found evidence of war and fire when he excavated Troy. He found evidence of war and fire when he excavated Troy. Trojan war was between Mycenae and Troy. Trojan war was between Mycenae and Troy. –Probably for economic reasons –Troy controlled the vital straits or narrow water passages that connected the Mediterranean and Black Seas. straits or narrow water passages straits or narrow water passages

8. Legend of Troy Legend says that the War resulted from when the Trojan prince Paris kidnapped Helen who was the wife of a Greek king. Legend says that the War resulted from when the Trojan prince Paris kidnapped Helen who was the wife of a Greek king. Mycenaeans sailed to Troy to rescue her. Mycenaeans sailed to Troy to rescue her. The war lasted 10 years-the Greeks won and burned the city to the ground. The war lasted 10 years-the Greeks won and burned the city to the ground. http://troymovie.warnerbros.com/ http://troymovie.warnerbros.com/ http://troymovie.warnerbros.com/

9. Trojan Horse in Turkey

10. The Age of Homer Mycenaean civilization crumbled not long after the fall of Troy Mycenaean civilization crumbled not long after the fall of Troy –Because of sea raiders –People abandoned the cities Civilization took a step backwards Civilization took a step backwards –People forgot many skills including writing.

11. Homer We get hints about this life from two poems written during this time by Homer. We get hints about this life from two poems written during this time by Homer. –The Iliad –The Odyssey The Iliad is about the Trojan War and Achilles The Iliad is about the Trojan War and Achilles The Odyssey is about Odysseus returning home to Penelope after the Trojan war The Odyssey is about Odysseus returning home to Penelope after the Trojan war

13. Geography of Greece Greece is part of the Balkan peninsula Greece is part of the Balkan peninsula Mountains divide the peninsula and isolate it. Mountains divide the peninsula and isolate it. They didn’t create a large empire but small isolated city-states. They didn’t create a large empire but small isolated city-states. This caused many wars. This caused many wars.

14. The Seas The sea was the link to the outside world The sea was the link to the outside world –Had 100’s of bays that provided safe harbors for ships. –Became skilled sailors Adapted ideas too Adapted ideas too –Changed the Phoenician alphabet –This became the basis for our alphabet Population growth caused them to expand outward Population growth caused them to expand outward

15. City-States Greeks had a city-state called a Polis Greeks had a city-state called a Polis It was built on two levels It was built on two levels –The acropolis (high city) was built on a hilltop and had great marble temples dedicated to the different gods and goddesses. –On flatter ground below lay the walled main city Marketplace, theater, public buildings, and homes Marketplace, theater, public buildings, and homes

19. Early Government Early government-ruler of the polis was like a king. Early government-ruler of the polis was like a king. –Monarchy is a government in which a king or queen exercises central power Power shifted to a class of noble landowners Power shifted to a class of noble landowners –They got power for themselves and ruled according to aristocracy-rule by landholding elite Trade expanded and a new middle class emerged Trade expanded and a new middle class emerged –This caused and oligarchy-power in the hands of small, powerful elite

20. Two different city-states Sparta Sparta Athens Athens

22. Sparta Sparta is in Peloponnesus Sparta is in Peloponnesus They were Dorians who conquered Laconia They were Dorians who conquered Laconia They turned the conquered people into state owned slaves known as helots They turned the conquered people into state owned slaves known as helots –Helots were supposed to work the land –The helots outnumbered them so they had to have strict control.

23. Spartan culture They had two kings and a council of elders and an assembly made up of all citizens to approve major decisions They had two kings and a council of elders and an assembly made up of all citizens to approve major decisions –Citizens were male, native-born Spartans over 30.

24. Being a citizen From childhood Spartans prepared to be part of a military state. From childhood Spartans prepared to be part of a military state. All newborns were examined and the sickly ones were left to die. All newborns were examined and the sickly ones were left to die. At 7 boys began training for a lifetime in the military. At 7 boys began training for a lifetime in the military. –They moved into barracks –They slept on hard palates, ate bad food, had hard exercise, and strict discipline –They were encouraged to steal food but were punished if caught.

25. A soldier’s life Spartan youth became excellent soldiers Spartan youth became excellent soldiers At 20 they could marry, but they lived in the barracks for another 10 years and ate there for another 40 years. At 20 they could marry, but they lived in the barracks for another 10 years and ate there for another 40 years.

26. Women in Sparta Girls were to produce healthy soldiers and sons for the army. Girls were to produce healthy soldiers and sons for the army. They were to exercise and strengthen their bodies. They were to exercise and strengthen their bodies. They had to obey their fathers or husbands They had to obey their fathers or husbands –They could inherit property –Because of wars they took on more responsibilities.

27. Spartans Isolated themselves from their neighbors Isolated themselves from their neighbors Looked down on trade and wealth Looked down on trade and wealth Travel was forbidden Travel was forbidden “Spartans are willing to die because they have no reason to live” “Spartans are willing to die because they have no reason to live”

28. Athens

30. Athens Athens is in Attica Athens is in Attica Government went from monarchy to aristocracy Government went from monarchy to aristocracy Under the aristocracy wealth and power grew but people were not happy Under the aristocracy wealth and power grew but people were not happy –They demanded change and didn’t want the nobles to have all of the power. –In hard times, farmers had to sell their land and even themselves sometimes to pay debts.

31. Call for change Athens moved slowly towards a democracy-government by the people. Athens moved slowly towards a democracy-government by the people. Solon was appointed chief official and was told to make reforms. Solon was appointed chief official and was told to make reforms. –He outlawed debt slavery and freed those in debt slavery –Opened high offices to more citizens –Gave citizenship to some foreigners –Gave the assembly more say in important decisions

32. Not really that reformed Solon’s reforms helped but only for some Solon’s reforms helped but only for some Citizenship was still limited Citizenship was still limited This led to the rise of tyrants-people who gain power by force. This led to the rise of tyrants-people who gain power by force.

33. More reforms An the assembly was made this was a legislature-a law making body. An the assembly was made this was a legislature-a law making body. –They debated laws –All male citizens over 30 were members

34. Government still limited Democracy still limited Democracy still limited Only male citizens could participate Only male citizens could participate Slaves and women had no voice BUT Athens gave people more of a say than anybody else. BUT Athens gave people more of a say than anybody else.

35. Bellwork-Be able to answer the following: What kind of Government did Athens move towards? What kind of Government did Athens move towards? How did Athens treat women? How did Athens treat women? What were some things that united Greece? What were some things that united Greece? Describe the religion of the Greeks. Describe the religion of the Greeks.

36. Women in Athens Women had no part in public life Women had no part in public life In wealthy homes, Athenian women were secluded In wealthy homes, Athenian women were secluded –They managed the household, spun and wove, took care of the children, and prepared food. Poor women worked outside of the home Poor women worked outside of the home

37. Education in Athens Only boys attended school if their families could afford it. Only boys attended school if their families could afford it. –They learned to read and write, studied music, poetry, and public speaking –They received military training –But they were encouraged to explore and learn new things.

38. Unity in Greece Despite the rivalries between city-states there were forces for unity. Despite the rivalries between city-states there were forces for unity. –Religion

39. Religion in Greece The Greeks were polytheistic The Greeks were polytheistic They believed that their gods lived on Mt. Olympus in Northern Greece. They believed that their gods lived on Mt. Olympus in Northern Greece. Zeus was King of the gods and presided over the affairs of humans and gods. Zeus was King of the gods and presided over the affairs of humans and gods. –His wife was Hera and his children included: Aphrodite-goddess of love, Ares-god of war, and Athena- goddess of wisdom Aphrodite-goddess of love, Ares-god of war, and Athena- goddess of wisdom

40. Bellwork Begin reading article at desk. Begin reading article at desk.

41. The Persian Wars

42. Thermopylae

43. Battle of Salamis

45. Bellwork Explain this quote in at least 50 words: Explain this quote in at least 50 words: You carry your helmet for you but you carry your shield for the entire line. You carry your helmet for you but you carry your shield for the entire line. Use the terms hoplite and phalanx in your answer. Use the terms hoplite and phalanx in your answer. Use the article from yesterday. Use the article from yesterday.