1. Announcements Donations for our adopted family DUE by Dec 17 th ! Hw: Chapter 8 Worksheets (Due tomorrow) & bring one STANDARD sized NOTE CARD Chapter 8 Quiz tomorrow! Apache Life Tuesday: Skating @ the Rollercade

2. Chapter 8 Collapse, Corruption, and Reform in Europe

3. When Charlemagne’s Reign Ended Papal power between the East and West Collapsed The papacy = a strategic office to hold

4. PART I The Carolingian World Collapses

5. Treaty of Verdun (843 AD) Divided the empire: East, West, and Middle

6. Papal Office Corruption (9 th c. ) Result of domestic hardships More corruption among popes than in any point in time of history

7. Popes of the 9 th c. Lacked Leadership skills Corrupt Abused their power Didn’t resist the Emperor of Rome

8. Example of Abuse: Pope Stephen IV exhumed body of Pope Formosus Placed Pope Formosus on trial

9. Pope Formosus Was found guilty Three fingers were removed Body was thrown to the mob

10. Why was a DEAD pope placed on trial? Not worthy to be pope Had sided with a king against Pope John

11. Simony The selling of spiritual benefits and ecclesiastical positions for temporal gain

12. Pope John XII Pope at 18 Crowned Otto I Practiced simony Gave bishop positions as favors to wealthy families

13. The Rise of Feudalism Empire broken into 50 duchies Concern: How should the land be protected?

14. Feudalism The holding of a land for a fee and on the resulting relations between a lord and vassal

15. Nepotism The Appointment of family members to important positions Increased with rise of Feudalism

16. Feudalism and the Church Bishops: enjoyed more wealth allowed to marry allowed to have children gave own sons the title they held

17. The Viking Invasions Prevented monastic reform Unstoppable because of civil unrest in territories Destroyed monasteries

18. The Viking Invasions Weakened monasteries’ civilizing influence Learning was forgotten Abbots became brigands (bandits)

19. PART III The New Temporal Orders

20. Otto I (936-973) Desired an alliance with the Church to secure own royal power

21. Ottonian Line’s Influence Lay Investiture Power over proprietary churches Gave ecclesiastical funds to royal coffers

22. Lay Investiture The appointment of bishops, abbots, and other church officials by feudal lords and vassals.

23. Otto II (988-1002) Appointed tutor (Gerbert) to be pope (Pope Sylvester II)

24. Pope Sylvester II & Otto II Relationship was foundation for the Lay Investiture controversy

25. PART IV The Lay Investitures Controversy

26. Pope St. Gregory the Great VII Became pope b/c of enthusiastic crowds Relentless Energetic Iron Will “Father of Canon Law” Dictatus Pape

27. Dictatus Papae Specific powers rest on pope alone: Convene/ratify council Define tenets of the Faith Appoint, transfer, and remove bishops from office Dispose of temporal rulers

28. Pope St. Gregory the Great VII Excluded simony from Church Hierarchy Priests who practiced fornication barred from serving Mass Anyone who did not follow new rules were shunned by Clergy

29. Emperor Henry IV Appointed the Bishop of Milan Stripped of Crown (by pope) Excommunicated Granted forgiveness Appointed an anti-pope

30. Concordat of Worms Spiritual Investiture = Church Civil Investiture = Civil Free election of Bishops Simony condemned Veto power over Church elections= King

31. Constitutions of Clarendon King controls abbeys, Episcopal sees, Church money, elections Any appeals to Rome have to be approved by the King

32. Pope Innocent III Church reached height of power “Vicar of Christ” Power gives power to Kings Interfered to keep balance of power

33. A VIKING INVASION “ From the Fury of the Northmen Deliver Us, O Lord.”

34. Round Towers Door placed one floor up Monks hid in them for safety Series of ladders inside kept Vikings away

35. Irish Round Towers

36. Round Towers: Other Theories Erosion To absorb energy Bell towers To support the structure

37. High Crosses Unmovable Practical Illustrated Bible stories Gravestone

38. High Crosses

39. PART II Cluny and the Monastic Reform

40. Among the Chaos … Reform arose in Cluny: Universal Church within a political framework Dignity of the human person

41. Founding of Reform (909/910) Land donated by William the Pious Donated for monastery to be built

42. New Monastery in Cluny New Commitment to the Benedictine Rule Had only one Abbot St. Berno was the first Abbot

43. St. Berno Settled Cluny with 12 companions Renewed commitment to Benedictine rule Placed all energies into glorifying God

44. Cluny Had only one Abbot Benedictine Rule Decreased manual labor Other Monasteries Had one abbot above each individual monastery Increased manual labor (feudalism)

45. Cluny Monks Strict rule Emphasized spiritual life Reinstated Divine Office Benedictine Monks Relaxed rule Emphasized working life No Divine Office

46. PART V The Cistercians and Carthusians

47. The Cistercians White Monks St. Robert of Molesme Emphasized farming and simplicity of lifestyle Converted Slavic tribes

48. The Cistercians

49. St. Bernard of Clairvaux Second founder of Cistercians Had a classical education Focused on the Scriptures and the Fathers of the Church Debated Peter Abelard “Age of St. Bernard” Rejected promotions Divine life communicated to the world in the person Jesus Christ

50. The Carthusians St. Bruno Did not live together (had own private cells) Bring life of desert hermit into context of monastery Revived Christian devotion to prayer and simplicity

51. The Carthusians