1. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Carl P. Gabbard PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation revised by Alberto Cordova, University of Texas at San Antonio Chapter 10 Motor Behavior During Later Childhood and Adolescence

2. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sport Skill Later Childhood 6 to12 years Growth and Refinement Adolescence 12 to 18 years The Development Continuum Figure 1.2

3. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Quantitative (Product) Motor Performance Changes Significant improvements in motor skill performance Growth and physiological development Greater “product” / “quantitative” performance Gender-related differences

4. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.1 Hypothetical Gender Age Performance Trends

5. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bases for Age- and Gender-Related Quantitative (Product) Motor Performance Changes Increase in body size, muscle mass, strength, cardiorespiratory capacity, and perceptual-motor ability (Chapters 3 and 4, gender differences) Environmental agents = primary determinant Males more active? Gender role expectations?

6. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 10.1

7. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Quantitative (Product) Changes in Motor Performance Running speed Jumping Catching Hopping Balance Throwing Kicking Striking Ball bouncing and dribbling

8. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Minutes Per Day of Physical Activity Across the Life Span Figure 10.2

9. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Running Speed Curve Running Speed Curve Figure 10.3

10. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Agility Run Scores Figure 10.4

11. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Throwing Distance Curves Distance, velocity, and accuracy Increases with age Increase in body size and muscular strength Relatively large gender differences Figure 10.5

12. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Longitudinal Changes in Ball Throwing Velocities Figure 10.6

13. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Standing Long Jump Performance Curves Figure 10.7

14. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Vertical Jump Performance Curves Figure 10.8

15. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Kicking Quantitative characteristics are determined by measuring the distance the ball is kicked, velocity, and kicking accuracy Improves with age Males generally perform better

16. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Catching, Striking, Hopping, Dribbling, and Balance Improves with age Catching and dribbling: gender differences insignificant Striking: males perform better Increase in body size and muscular strength Hopping and balance: females perform better

17. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Motor Skill Refinement Influential factors Sports participation Physical education

18. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Youth Sport Participation Figure 10.9

19. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Title IX Greater accessibility: rural to urban Changing lifestyles of adults: health and fitness Increase in the number of women in work force: care taking function and role models Glorification of sport: media Increase in activity programs by municipal and community recreation Participation of younger children Figure 10.10

20. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 10.2

21. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Debating Participation Figure 10.11 Are youth sports harmful? What is important to keep in mind when encouraging young children to participate in sports?

22. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Recommendations for Young Athletes Developmentally appropriate; within abilities Coached by knowledgeable persons Prevention of physical and psychological harm should be stressed Monitored by a physician Ongoing assessment of nutritional needs Education, for all, about risks

23. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Quality School Physical Education Figure 10.12

24. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings School Physical Education Issues include: 65% of adults are overweight 50% of adults are not physically active Percentage of overweight children has doubled (25 million, 2007) Type 2 diabetes health risks have risen After the age of 12, child is likely to adopt their adult profile

25. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Summary The period from later childhood through adolescence encompasses the sports skill and growth and refinement phases of motor behavior and is marked by rapid biological change, increases in product performance, gender-related differences, and the emergence of sport skill behavior. Organized youth sport programs and school physical education programs are two of the most influential factors in motor skill development and refinement. School physical education, if presented in a developmentally appropriate manner, can do much to improve the state of physical fitness in the United States.