2. BA 2/24 In a paragraph, why do you think America focuses much of its attention on Europe? In a paragraph, why do you think America focuses much of its attention on Europe? Ex: History, current problems, alliances for war (Syria) Ex: History, current problems, alliances for war (Syria) Be sure to explain your answer. Be sure to explain your answer. In the same paragraph, do you think America should be focusing so much attention in this area of the world? In the same paragraph, do you think America should be focusing so much attention in this area of the world? Be sure to explain your answer. Be sure to explain your answer.

3. Unit 4: Europe Physical Features of Europe Chapter 13 SSWG6 The student will describe the interaction of physical and human systems that have shaped contemporary Europe. a. Describe the location of major physical features and their impact on Europe. b. Describe the major climates of Europe and how they have affected Europe. c. Analyze the importance of Europe’s coastal location, climatic characteristics, and river systems regarding population, economic development, and world influence. d. Describe the various ethnic and religious groups in Europe and the influence of geography on those groups and their major customs and traditions. e. Explain why Europe has a highly integrated network of highways, waterways, railroads, and airline linkages.

4. Location of Europe Europe stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the Ural Mountains & from the Arctic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea Europe stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the Ural Mountains & from the Arctic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea

6. 4 Landforms of Europe 4 regional landforms are: 1. Northwest Highlands 2. Northern European Plain 3. Central Uplands 4. Alpine Mountain System

7. Landforms discovery streaming video

8. 1. Northwest Highlands Ancient eroded region of rugged hills & low mountains Includes the hills of Ireland, England, the Scottish Highlands, and the mountains of Scandinavia Includes the hills of Ireland, England, the Scottish Highlands, and the mountains of Scandinavia Includes Northwestern France and some of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) Includes Northwestern France and some of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) Glaciers also carved out fjords along Norway’s coast Fjord: narrow, deep inlets of the sea set between high rocky cliffs When the glaciers melted, the retreating glaciers left behind thin soils & thousands of lakes

11. 2. Northern European Plain Coastal plain that stretches from France’s Atlantic coast all the way to the Ural Mountains Coastal plain that stretches from France’s Atlantic coast all the way to the Ural Mountains Europe’s most important farming and industrial area Europe’s most important farming and industrial area Very densely populated Very densely populated Lots of rivers flowing to the ocean Lots of rivers flowing to the ocean Created many river towns and port cities Created many river towns and port cities Examples: Paris and Berlin Examples: Paris and Berlin Rivers allowed culture & groups to travel, trade, & migrate throughout the region Rivers allowed culture & groups to travel, trade, & migrate throughout the region

13. 3. Central Uplands Area of hills & small plateaus along with forested slopes & fertile valleys Area of hills & small plateaus along with forested slopes & fertile valleys Includes Massif Central in France & Jura Mountains on the French/Swiss border Region stretches northeastward across southern Germany to the Bohemian Highlands Most of Europe’s coal fields lie are located here Most of Europe’s coal fields lie are located here Many industrial towns and cities grew near the coal deposits Many industrial towns and cities grew near the coal deposits

15. 4. Alpine Mountain System Includes the Alps Includes the Alps Alps stretch from France to the Balkan Peninsula Alps stretch from France to the Balkan Peninsula Peaks over 14,000 ft Peaks over 14,000 ft High elevation causes large amounts of snow, glaciers, & avalanches High elevation causes large amounts of snow, glaciers, & avalanches Mont Blanc is tallest mountain in system Mont Blanc is tallest mountain in system Located along French-Italian border Located along French-Italian border Other ranges in Alpine Mountain System include Carpathian Mountains in Eastern Europe, Apennines in Italy & the Pyrenees in Spain/France Alps have not been a serious barrier to human interaction

18. Europe’s Climate Europe has 3 major climate types: 1. Marine West Coast 2. Humid Continental 3. Mediterranean 1. Marine West Coast Found throughout most of northern & western Europe Southern Iceland & the British Isles Stretches across northern continental Europe from northern Spain into Poland & Slovakia Rainfall averages btwn 20 & 80 inches a year Temperatures mostly mild & cloudy, drizzly/foggy

19. Climate continued 2. Humid continental Interior Norway/Sweden south to the Black Sea Has 4 distinct seasons Cold, snowy winters/mild-cool-humid summers 3. Mediterranean High mountains separate 1 st two climates from Mediterranean Most of southern Europe 10-30 inches of rainfall a year Rainfall usually comes in mild winters Long, dry sunny summers

20. Climate Discovery Streaming Video

21. Water Europe is nearly surrounded by water Europe is nearly surrounded by water North: Arctic Ocean, North Sea, & Baltic Sea North: Arctic Ocean, North Sea, & Baltic Sea North Sea: important for fishing North Sea: important for fishing West: Atlantic Ocean West: Atlantic Ocean South: Mediterranean Sea & the Black Sea South: Mediterranean Sea & the Black Sea Mediterranean & Black Sea are connected by the Bosporus Strait Mediterranean & Black Sea are connected by the Bosporus Strait Bosporus Strait: considered boundary between Europe & Asia Bosporus Strait: considered boundary between Europe & Asia

23. Water Continued Coastline contains 100s of good natural harbors Coastline contains 100s of good natural harbors Harbors are usually located near the mouths of navigable rivers, making Europe suitable for trade Navigable: one that is deep enough & wide enough for shipping The Rhine & Danube among Europe’s most important rivers The Rhine & Danube among Europe’s most important rivers Many cities and industrial areas on the banks Many cities and industrial areas on the banks Rhine: starts in Swiss Alps through Germany & the Netherlands Rhine: starts in Swiss Alps through Germany & the Netherlands Danube: southern Germany Danube: southern Germany

25. Countries, Peninsulas, Islands, and Rivers video

26. 5 Hazards of Development 1. Large amount of pollution enters Atlantic Ocean from the many European rivers Due to boats, factories, and large cities built on rivers Due to boats, factories, and large cities built on rivers 2. Most of Europe’s forests were cleared centuries ago Cleared for cities, houses, and animal grazing Cleared for cities, houses, and animal grazing 3. Air pollution & acid rain have destroyed lots of forests

27. Hazards of Development continued 4. Overpopulation of large cities 5. Exhaustion of some minerals & natural resources Due to the creation of factories, cities, and machines Due to the creation of factories, cities, and machines