1. Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 License Sakai Programmer's Café Sakai Persistence and Hibernate Aaron Zeckoski azeckoski@gmail.com

2. 2 How do we persist data in Sakai? Sakai has a single central database configured –Virtually every tool/component uses this Sakai in production is typically a clustered environment, and the clustering implementation is largely based around the database –Tools that will not cluster are very unlikely to be adopted into the core You should use the database in pretty much every case –File system storage can be appropriate for “bulky” resources (Files or Blobs) so data is accessible via WebDav

3. 3 Databases and Sakai Settings to control the database that is used are stored in sakai.properties –This is a standard format Java.properties file The sakai.properties file is located in your sakai home in the subdirectory named sakai –this is configurable but is normally your Tomcat home Look for the following line in the file # DATABASE CONFIGURATION

4. 4 Supported databases Only 4 databases are supported for use in Sakai 1.HSQLDB –*very* lightweight, pure-Java database, largely for testing and developing, storage either in memory or a flat text file 2.MySQL –Open source, pretty good performance, used widely in production, some very unfortunate locking issues 3.Oracle –Costs money, high performance, pretty rock solid, works well for those that can/are prepared to afford it 4.DB2 –Costs money, trunk only, similar pros/cons to Oracle Since the majority of Sakai code uses raw SQL in some form, adding a new database is a major effort (e.g. DB2, MSSQL)

5. 5 Some DB config tips Always leave auto.ddl=true –You might want to turn this off for production environments HSQLDB is turned on by default, it only stores data in memory by default HSQLDB works well for development and for demos –Caveat: You cannot look at the HSQLDB database without some serious trickery

6. 6 More DB config tips MySQL despite being a “production” option is actually really easy to set up for development –Allows you to look at the database through its console to see if things are working –Works well on most platforms and tends to get into a lock state somewhat easily which helps you find transaction problems If all else fails, switch to HSQLDB file storage

7. 7 HSQLDB file storage To use HSQLDB in file mode (where it stores data on the filesystem), comment out this line: url@javax.sql.BaseDataSource=jdbc:hsqldb:. and uncomment this one url@javax.sql.BaseDataSource= jdbc:hsqldb:${sakai.home}/db/sakai.db

8. 8 MySQL config To use MySQL, uncomment the six lines under this line: ## MySQL settings Comment out the 7 lines under this one: ## HSQLDB settings Update the username and password lines to match your MySQL database

9. 9 One last DB tip You can turn on verbose Hibernate logging in the sakai.properties file Change the following from false to true # enable hibernate SQL debugging output hibernate.show_sql=false –Note: You do NOT want to leave this on in a production environment

10. 10 3 ways to persist data to the DB JDBC http://java.sun.com/products/jdbc/ Spring JDBC http://www.springframework.org/docs/refere nce/jdbc.html Hibernate http://www.hibernate.org/

11. 11 Persistence rundown Java Database Connectivity –Don’t use this alone! Spring JDBC –If you are good with SQL, this is for you Hibernate –Use this for fastest initial development –Some caveats URL: http://bugs.sakaiproject.org/confluence/display/BOOT/Persistencehttp://bugs.sakaiproject.org/confluence/display/BOOT/Persistence

12. 12 Hibernate Commentary Beyond the hype: –Hibernate *is* the most popular full ORM persistence framework probably in any language –Not to say it is without numerous issues ORM is a tricky problem and general solutions are very difficult –Many aspects of the Hibernate framework are “over-eager” lazy Collections, cascade options, long transactions –Many aspects of Hibernate are overly rigid proxy behaviour, initial configuration sets cannot be changed, poor cross-ClassLoader behaviour Advice –Use it cautiously! (pay attention to tips) –Avoid lazy Collections, be conservative with cascade options –In general just use it on one entity at a time, with explicit save/load on for each database operation –In some cases you may still actually want to fall back to SQL recommended by the Hibernate team for certain situations

13. 13 Hibernate Tips - Avoid primitives Don’t use primitives for properties on persistent objects –This works fine in general but it does not work if you are doing a findByExample If you do decide to use primitives, you cannot leave them null/unset when doing a findByExample or they will be set to the default value for that primitive –Things seem to work better when not using primitives sometimes (e.g. Boolean)

14. 14 Hibernate Tips - don’t preset values Don’t set the values of persistent objects in the POJO –This can cause problems with frameworks that expect to be able to instantiate the POJO with all properties unset –It may be more work to set the properties for all non-null attributes but it is worth it

15. 15 Hibernate Tips - save dependent objects first If you have any dependent entities as properties of a persistent object you *must* save them before saving the parent class –Hibernate has numerous “cascade” options that claim to do this automatically, but it is best to start simple –The same thing goes for deleting

16. 16 Hibernate Tips - non-primitive generated ids Use non-primitive generated ids for the primary key of persistent objects –It is more efficient and is a good idea in most databases anyway This kind of primary key is recommended –Use java.lang.Long or java.lang.String for best results More best practices here: http://www.hibernate.org/hib_docs/reference/en/html/best-practices.html http://www.hibernate.org/hib_docs/reference/en/html/best-practices.html

17. 17 Hibernate in Sakai 3 ways of using Hibernate in Sakai 1.Create a SessionFactory using settings inside your tool 2.Create a SessionFactory from the global Sakai SessionFactoryBase 3.Add our HBMs to the global Sakai SessionFactory Sakai 2.2+ uses Hibernate 3  Previous versions used Hibernate 2 From: http://bugs.sakaiproject.org/confluence/display/BOOT/Hibernate+in+Sakai http://bugs.sakaiproject.org/confluence/display/BOOT/Hibernate+in+Sakai

18. 18 Method 1 Create a Hibernate SessionFactory using config settings in your toolSessionFactory –You should use this when connecting to an external database –Do not use this method to connect to the internal Sakai database! –More info on session configuration: http://www.hibernate.org/hib_docs/reference/en/html/session-configuration.html

19. 19 Method 2 Create a SessionFactory from the global Sakai SessionFactoryBaseSessionFactory –This is not the recommended method but if you are creating a webapp only project for your app then you have to use it This method works OK for simple tools –Demonstrated in tasklist-simple –More complex tools should use method 3 From: http://bugs.sakaiproject.org/confluence/display/BOOT/Creating+sessions+from+the+Sakai+SessionFactoryBase http://bugs.sakaiproject.org/confluence/display/BOOT/Creating+sessions+from+the+Sakai+SessionFactoryBase

20. 20 Method 3 Add our HBMs to the global Sakai SessionFactory using AddableSessionFactoryBean AddableSessionFactoryBean –This is the preferred method –Works best for all but the simplest apps –Requires the tool to deploy portions to shared and components so it requires more complexity Demonstrated in tasklist URL: http://bugs.sakaiproject.org/confluence/display/BOOT/Using+the+Sakai+global+sessionFactory http://bugs.sakaiproject.org/confluence/display/BOOT/Using+the+Sakai+global+sessionFactory

21. 21 Use the Generic Dao package The GenericDao is an abstraction layer that will allow you to use Hibernate/JDBC with your persistent objects without needing to write a DAO at all It has usage information in the Javadocs Highly configurable and extendable Has no Hibernate/JDBC dependencies in the interfaces (*any* DAO should be like this) URL: http://bugs.sakaiproject.org/confluence/display/BOOT/Generic+DAO+packagehttp://bugs.sakaiproject.org/confluence/display/BOOT/Generic+DAO+package

22. 22 More on GenericDao Get the code and Javadocs from the Sakai Maven repository: –http://bugs.sakaiproject.org/confluence/display/BOOT/Generic+DAO+packagehttp://bugs.sakaiproject.org/confluence/display/BOOT/Generic+DAO+package Usage is demonstrated in BlogWow, Evaluation, QnA, and other Sakai apps: –https://source.sakaiproject.org/contrib/https://source.sakaiproject.org/contrib/ Also used in the app builder plugin Used in production apps Many internal unit tests and usage outside Sakai

23. 23 Look at some sample code Look at the tasklist code here if you like: –https://source.sakaiproject.org/contrib/tasklist/trunk/https://source.sakaiproject.org/contrib/tasklist/trunk/ You could also use the Sakai app builder tool in Eclipse to create a simple CRUD app to follow along Let’s see what it takes to use Hibernate in Sakai…

24. 24 Update impl maven config Add the Hibernate dependency to the maven POM.xml file Note that we use dependency management from master POM org.hibernate hibernate

25. 25 Hibernate Mapping Files Hibernate uses an XML file to map Java objects onto database columns We will create our mapping file from a simple template attached to the persistence page For applications with many tables, use a tool to help generate the HBM files

26. 26 Package for the HBM Create a new Java package for the HBM (mapping file) –org.sakaiproject.toolname.impl.hbm Create a new file in this package –MyObject.hbm.xml This file must end up in shared

27. 27 Basic HBM template MYOBJECT_ID_SEQ

28. 28 Template customization Change the class name and table name –org.sakaiproject.toolname.model.MyObject Change the id sequence name Copy and paste the property block to add the properties from your persistent object –owner –siteId –creationDate Etc…

29. 29 Creating a DAO for Hibernate Create a new class which implements your DAO interface –Write a DAO interface if you do not have one Extend HibernateDaoSupportHibernateDaoSupport –part of Spring-Hibernate Add import for HibernateDaoSupportHibernateDaoSupport –Make sure you use the one for hibernate 3 Or use Generic DAO package!

30. 30 Spring configuration Now we need to tie everything together with Spring First we will tell hibernate about our MYObject.hbm.xml mapping file Next we will give the hibernate stuff to our DAO implementation Finally we will tie the new DAO to the rest of the webapp

31. 31 Adding our HBMs to the Sakai Global SessionFactory <bean id="org.sakaiproject.yourapp.hibernate. AdditionalHibernateMappings" class="org.sakaiproject.springframework.orm.hibernate. impl.AdditionalHibernateMappingsImpl"> org/sakaiproject/yourapp/impl/hbm/Item1.hbm.xml This allows us to use our persistent objects with the Sakai Global SessionFactory

32. 32 Inject the Global SessionFactory into the DAO This connects the new DAO to global Sakai Hibernate The DAO implementation should extend HibernateDaoSupport <bean id="org.sakaiproject.yourapp.dao.MyToolDaoTarget" class="org.sakaiproject.yourapp.dao.impl.MyToolDaoImpl"> <ref bean="org.sakaiproject.springframework.orm. hibernate.GlobalSessionFactory" />

33. 33 Define a declarative transaction interceptor If your operations are not in a transaction you will see many problems, especially in MySQL This involves much less work than opening and closing transactions in code, and is more reliable <bean id="org.sakaiproject.yourapp.dao.MyToolDao” class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"> <ref bean= "org.sakaiproject.springframework.orm.hibernate.GlobalTransactionManager" /> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED

34. 34 Good to go! You should be able to start up your app and happily access any database! Hibernate will create or update tables as needed

35. 35 Any questions? Check out the section on persistence in the Programmers’ Café for more information http://bugs.sakaiproject.org/confluence/display/BOOT/Persistence Hibernate: http://www.hibernate.org/http://www.hibernate.org/ Spring ORM http://www.springframework.org/docs/reference/orm.html