1. Improving JFFS2 RAM usage and performance ELC Europe 2007 Alexey Korolev

2. Verdana regular 7pt. Legal text goes here Flash Products Group Agenda JFFS2 in brief JFFS2 efficiency on large volumes –Market data on flash densities –Volume size test data –Why JFFS2 is inefficient on large volumes Improving JFFS2 RAM usage and performance within existing architecture –Proposed improvement –File direct I/O as a fast solution to reduce RAM usage and increase performance –Test data –Requirements and limitations –Current status and availability –Deferred write and JFFS2 RAM buffer as a RAM usage reduction prototype Q&A

3. Verdana regular 7pt. Legal text goes here Flash Products Group JFFS2 in brief Journaling Flash File System version 2 Supported in Linux for years since 2001. Works with NOR, NOR-ECC, NOR with programming regions, NAND and Dataflash Widely used in many configurations to provide FS interface to memory technology devices.

4. Verdana regular 7pt. Legal text goes here Flash Products Group Forecasted Flash Densities 2007200820092010 NOR25.831.540.248.8 NAND4679146239 Cellular Handsets Forecasted NOR and NAND Densities in MB

5. Verdana regular 7pt. Legal text goes here Flash Products Group Volume size test data Volume used size (MB) JFFS2 RAM usage (MB)

6. Verdana regular 7pt. Legal text goes here Flash Products Group Volume size test data File size (MB) File open time (sec)

7. Verdana regular 7pt. Legal text goes here Flash Products Group Why Does JFFS2 Become Inefficient on Large Data Volumes? JFFS2 assumes keeping nodes (fragment) descriptions in memory since the moment of getting file info. 1.JFFS2 RAM usage increases linearly as the number of nodes increases (Every data node takes 40bytes of RAM) 2.If a file has many fragments, file open time increases significantly because JFFS2 needs to read every header from flash This is the architectural scalability issue of JFFS2 It is not possible to completely solve it without a complete file system redesign, however there are workarounds

8. Verdana regular 7pt. Legal text goes here Flash Products Group Improving RAM Usage and File Open Time Within Existing JFFS2 Architecture Our approach to reducing RAM usage and decreasing file open time is conceptually simple (but effective): Reduce the number of JFFS2 fragments Let’s look at how this can be done…

9. Flash Products Group Using File Direct I/O to Reduce RAM Usage and Increase Performance Lets look at the file write procedure Application requests to write data VFSVFS 64KB JFFS2 file_ops.write() do_sync_write() add to VFS pg cache JFFS2 write_page() 0-4KB 4-8KB…56-64KB 16 requests 16 fragments

10. Flash Products Group Using File Direct I/O to Reduce RAM Usage and Increase Performance One way to reduce number of nodes (fragments) is to provide direct file IO interface support in JFFS2 and increase JFFS2 granularity Application requests to write data VFSVFS 64KB JFFS2 file_ops.write() Write one fragment of data

11. Verdana regular 7pt. Legal text goes here Flash Products Group Test Results JFFS2 RAM Usage for Different Volume Sizes Volume Size JFFS2 RAM usage (MB) 3.5X

12. Verdana regular 7pt. Legal text goes here Flash Products Group Test Results Stat Time Performance for Different File Sizes File Size (MB) Stat Time(sec) >4X

13. Verdana regular 7pt. Legal text goes here Flash Products Group Requirements and Limitations Application should write data in large chunks If applications write data in small chunks, fragments won’t be combined until garbage collector touches it This model not effective if there are tons of tiny files Avoiding VFS page cache use could have positive and negative consequences Using the file open flag is recommended* For media files it avoids wasting page cache space and this could positively affect on system performance For databases, logs, and documents, using the page cache is highly recommended * We have patch providing reading through VFS cache while direct write

14. Verdana regular 7pt. Legal text goes here Flash Products Group Current status and availability The File direct I/O feature is ready for use (Linux- 2.6.20) It can be downloaded from www.sourceforge.net/mtd-mods www.sourceforge.net/mtd-mods The patch size is <50Kb and can be easily ported to other JFFS2 versions

15. Verdana regular 7pt. Legal text goes here Flash Products Group Deferred Write and RAM Buffer as a RAM Usage Reduction Prototype Application requests to write data VFSVFS 6KB JFFS2 file_ops.write() do_sync_write() JFFS2 Write RAM buffer 4KB 2KB 1KB … Merge nodes Large chunks Sync() JFFS2 flush RAM buffer 1KB 4KB … Compared to Direct IO, deferred write is effective even if applications write data in small chunks.

16. Verdana regular 7pt. Legal text goes here Flash Products Group 16 Conclusion Patches to provide Direct I/O in JFFS2 are ready + Significantly reduce RAM usage and open time + Easy applicable - Has restrictions on large write chunks

17. Intel Confidential Flash Products Group 17 Q & A Questions ? Link: http://sourceforge.net/mtd-mods mailto: alexey.korolev@intel.comhttp://sourceforge.net/mtd-modsalexey.korolev@intel.com