1. Mammals 4,629 species Phylum Chordata "back-boned animals"
Four Distinct Features

2. Mammal Characteristics
Subphylum Vertebrata
Vertebrates = true back-bone
- Vertebral column or backbone, generally replaces notocord
- Brain enclosed in cranial cavity (e.g., skull)
- Endoskeleton

3. Mammal Characteristics
Class Mammalia
Subclass Prototheria
Subclass Theria

4. Mammal Characteristics
Class Mammalia
Distinguishing Features

5. Mammal Characteristics
*Exception to the Rule:
monotremes:
2) marsupials:

6. Mammals in Michigan 9 Orders of Mammals in MI Didelphimorphia
Insectivora
Chiroptera
Primates
Carnivora
Perissodactyla
Artiodactyla
Lagomorpha
Rodentia

7. MAMMALIAN DIVERSITY: AN ORDERLY OVERVIEW
A. Monotremes (Order Montremata)
e.g, echidnas & duck-billed platypus

8. MAMMALIAN DIVERSITY: AN ORDERLY OVERVIEW B. Marsupials
1. South American Marsupials
a. Order Didelphimorphia
Wooly opossum
Virginia opossum
Mouse opossum

9. MAMMALIAN DIVERSITY: AN ORDERLY OVERVIEW B. Marsupials
2. Australian Marsupials
a. Order Dasyuromorphia
Tasmanian devil

10. MAMMALIAN DIVERSITY: AN ORDERLY OVERVIEW B. Marsupials
2. Australian Marsupials
b. Order Peramelemorphia
Rabbit-eared bandicoot

11. MAMMALIAN DIVERSITY: AN ORDERLY OVERVIEW B. Marsupials
2. Australian Marsupials
c. Order Diprotodontia…

12. Koala
Honey possum
Feather-tail glider
Eastern gray kangaroo

13. C. Placental Mammals Order Xenarthra (= Edentata)
(anteaters, sloths, armadillos)
Giant anteater
Nine-banded armadillo

14. C. Placental Mammals Order Insectivora (shrews, moles, tenrecs)
Streaked tenrec
Order Insectivora
(shrews, moles, tenrecs)
Short-tailed shrew
Eastern mole

15. C. Placental Mammals
Order Dermoptera
(colugos)

16. C. Placental Mammals
Order Chiroptera
(bats)
Mastiff bat

17. C. Placental Mammals Order Primates (lemurs, monkeys, apes, humans)
Ring-tailed lemur
Japanese macacques
Orang-utan

18. C. Placental Mammals Order Carnivora
(dogs, cats, weasels, bears, hyenas,
mongooses, civets, pinnipeds)

19. Gray wolf
Cheetah
California sea lion
Grizzly bear

20. C. Placental Mammals Order Cetacea (whales, dolphins)
toothed whales (odontocetes)
Orca whale

21. C. Placental Mammals Order Cetacea (whales, dolphins)
baleen whales (mysticetes)
Blue whale

22. C. Placental Mammals
Order Proboscidea
(elephants)
African elephant

23. C. Placental Mammals Order Perissodactyla Odd-toed ungulates
(horses, rhinos, tapirs)
Asiatic tapir

24. C. Placental Mammals Order Artiodactyla Even-toed ungulates
(pigs, peccaries, hippos, camels, giraffes, deer, antelope, sheep, goats, cattle)
Dromedary camel
Caribou

25. C. Placental Mammals Order Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares, pikas)
Rocky Mountain pika

26. C. Placental Mammals Order Rodentia
(squirrels, gophers, kangaroo rats, voles, porcupines, capybara)
N. pocket gopher
Prairie vole
Capybara

27. Mammal Characteristics – Soft Anatomy: Hair/Fur/Pelage
key distinguishing feature
Dreiartgruppen:

28. Mammal Characteristics – Soft Anatomy : Hair/Fur/Pelage
Hair = body covering for:
insulation;
2) coloration

29. Mammal Characteristics – Soft Anatomy : Hair/Fur/Pelage
2) Coloration
c) disruptive coloration -
d) warning coloration
Pelage consists of stiff guard hairs and downy underfur

30. Mammal Characteristics – Soft Anatomy : Hair/Fur/Pelage
vibrissae:
- Majority of mammals (excluding humans) molt hair annually or bi-annually
hair follicle:
hair: nonliving; consists of dead epidermal cells; strengthened by keratin (a structural protein)

31. Figure 2-2

32. Mammal Characteristics – Soft Anatomy : Hair/Fur/Pelage
Structure of Hair
1) medulla: inner layer of cells;
2) cortex: middle layer of cells;
3) cuticular scales:

33. Figure 2-3

34. Mammal Characteristics – Soft Anatomy: Special Skin Glands
Mammary glands - milk production for young; key distinguishing feature
Consists of alveoli for milk secretion
alveoli:
Alveoli connect to milk ducts which open into nipples

35. Mammal Characteristics – Soft Anatomy: Special Skin Glands
Endocrine Control:
Mammary gland development linked to
Milk production stimulated by secretions of prolactin & somatotropin (growth hormone)
Nursing provides the stimulus to the pituitary to continue prolactin production & lactation

36. Mammal Characteristics – Soft Anatomy: Special Skin Glands
Endocrine Control:
Nursing also stimulates the release of oxytocin,