1. Unit 3 – Education for All CGW4U - World Issues

2. Education for All!? Quiz on preconceptions of education in the world (p. 43,44 on projector; answers on p.45) Quiz on preconceptions of education in the world (p. 43,44 on projector; answers on p.45) What surprised you? What surprised you? What did not? What did not? Is education a universal right? Is education a universal right? Beliefs / values about education Beliefs / values about education Should it be free? To what level? Should it be free? To what level? Education (and social services) vs. structural adjustment programs Education (and social services) vs. structural adjustment programs

3. Education as a Universal Right? Is education a universal right? Is education a universal right? “…since 1952, Article 2 of the first Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights obliges all signatory parties to guarantee the right to education” “…since 1952, Article 2 of the first Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights obliges all signatory parties to guarantee the right to education” “At world level, the United Nations' International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966 guarantees this right under its Article 13” (wikipedia.org) “At world level, the United Nations' International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966 guarantees this right under its Article 13” (wikipedia.org) Issues of enforcement of non-binding agreements? Issues of enforcement of non-binding agreements?

4. A Short History 1966 – Establishment of the UN International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 1966 – Establishment of the UN International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Goal: to set universal standard for all member countries (almost all countries are members of UN) Goal: to set universal standard for all member countries (almost all countries are members of UN) March 1990 – World Conference on Education for All (Thailand) March 1990 – World Conference on Education for All (Thailand) Goal: universal primary education by 2000 Goal: universal primary education by 2000

5. A Short History World Education Forum (Senegal), 2000 World Education Forum (Senegal), 2000 Evaluated 10 yrs of progress in 180 countries Evaluated 10 yrs of progress in 180 countries Identified major shortcomings in achieving target Identified major shortcomings in achieving target Also id’d major issues/shortcomings with data collection Also id’d major issues/shortcomings with data collection New target set: 2015 (UNESCO – portal.unesco.org – to take major role) New target set: 2015 (UNESCO – portal.unesco.org – to take major role) Indicators used to measure progress towards goals Indicators used to measure progress towards goals

6. Indicators

7. Indicators

8. Indicators

9. Global Statistics 80% of world is literate (rate increasing overall, up from 70% in 1990) 80% of world is literate (rate increasing overall, up from 70% in 1990) 115 million children out of school worldwide (1999), 94% in developing countries 115 million children out of school worldwide (1999), 94% in developing countries Of an analysis of 128 countries Of an analysis of 128 countries 50 have net enrollment rate (NER) of 95% + 50 have net enrollment rate (NER) of 95% + 25 countries have a NER below 70% (18 in sub- Saharan Africa) 25 countries have a NER below 70% (18 in sub- Saharan Africa)

10. Global Statistics Gender equity Gender equity Gender equity index has improved for all countries over the last 20 years Gender equity index has improved for all countries over the last 20 years Still low (in favour of boys) in: South & West Asia, Arab States, sub- Saharan Africa Still low (in favour of boys) in: South & West Asia, Arab States, sub- Saharan Africa Two thirds of illiterate population are women (Bangladesh, India, China, and Pakistan make up 61% of that group) Two thirds of illiterate population are women (Bangladesh, India, China, and Pakistan make up 61% of that group) Overall, education in developing countries is underfunded… Overall, education in developing countries is underfunded… Aid for education has dropped substantially over last 20 years (dropped in real terms by 16%) Aid for education has dropped substantially over last 20 years (dropped in real terms by 16%) Source : 2002 Education for All Global Monitoring Report: Is theWorld on Track? (UNESCO)

11. Sources http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php- URL_ID=29008&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&U RL_SECTION=201.html http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php- URL_ID=29008&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&U RL_SECTION=201.html http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php- URL_ID=29008&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&U RL_SECTION=201.html http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php- URL_ID=29008&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&U RL_SECTION=201.html “Basic Education” Accessed at: http://www.woodroffehs.ocdsb.ca/worldissues /en/module3.htm “Basic Education” Accessed at: http://www.woodroffehs.ocdsb.ca/worldissues /en/module3.htm http://www.woodroffehs.ocdsb.ca/worldissues /en/module3.htm http://www.woodroffehs.ocdsb.ca/worldissues /en/module3.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education

12. Issues with Access to Schools? Poverty Poverty 1 billion children in poverty in world (less than 2.50$/day) (UNICEF) 1 billion children in poverty in world (less than 2.50$/day) (UNICEF) Fees charged in many countries (sometimes result of SAPs) Fees charged in many countries (sometimes result of SAPs) Geography Geography Other priorities (work) Other priorities (work) 250 million children worldwide (UNICEF, ILO) 250 million children worldwide (UNICEF, ILO) Discriminatory practices and cultural barriers Discriminatory practices and cultural barriers Conflict, natural disasters, & other causes of displacement Conflict, natural disasters, & other causes of displacement

13. Non-Formal Education Centres Address issues with access to traditional schools Address issues with access to traditional schools Based on community mobilization and participation Based on community mobilization and participation Characteristics of successful examples: Characteristics of successful examples: Community ownership of facilities Community ownership of facilities Community involvement in teacher selection and training Community involvement in teacher selection and training Flexibility in instructional times Flexibility in instructional times Focus on girls and other marginalized groups (i.e. street youth, working children) Focus on girls and other marginalized groups (i.e. street youth, working children) Curriculum relevant to local needs and conditions Curriculum relevant to local needs and conditions Source: CIDA’s Action Plan for Education, 2002

14. Non-Formal Education Centres Agahi (Pakistan) Agahi (Pakistan) agahischools.org agahischools.org child-centered and activity-based child-centered and activity-based “Alley” schools (India) – set up informally across the country “Alley” schools (India) – set up informally across the country i.e. Child Rights and You; www.cry.org i.e. Child Rights and You; www.cry.org E-learning E-learning One laptop per child; www.laptop.org One laptop per child; www.laptop.org