1. World War II, 1920 - 1945: The Lost Generation, 1918 - 1929 AP European History Androstic 2012-2013

2. Introduction ● World War One will have dramatic consequences that few understand ● Europe was unable to cope with the challenges of the 1920's, and will search for new ways to govern. ● Topics – Lost Generation – Spread of Democracy – Weimar Republic – Pacifism – The Great Depression

3. The Lost Generation

4. “Lost” ● A sense of despair prevailed throughout Europe and America – What was gained by the war? – What had peace brought? – Disillusionment with old ideas and concepts – Cynical about the casualties of the war ● New Artistic styles – Writers such as Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Erich Maria Remarque – Jazz! – Dadaism, Surrealism, and Cubism

5. The Spread of Democracy

6. Political Changes ● Universal suffrage granted for both men and women ● Increased government regulation of the economy – 8 hour work day – Labor unions grow powerful German election poster from 1919: Equal rights - equal duties!

7. 1. 1. What were the major problems of the new states that emerged after World War One?

8. 2. 2. How successful were these new states at modernizing?

9. Eastern European Problems

10. The Weimar Republic

11. 1. Describe the revolution of 1918.

12. Weimar Republic: 1924 - 1933

13. Weimar Republic

14. 2. 2. Describe the threats to the Weimar Republic arose from the left and the right.

15. Stabbed in the Back Theory Disgruntled German WWI veterans

16. The German Government, 1919 - 1920

17. The Spartacist League

18. Treaty of Rapallo, 1922 ● No states would trade with either Germany or the USSR ● Provisions – Opened trade between the two states – Germany would train its military there

19. 3. How did the great inflation of 1923 affect Germany?

20. The German Mark

21. INFLATION!

22. French Occupy the Ruhr Valley, 1923

23. 23 Ruhr Valley

24. Beer Hall Putsch, 1923

25. Hitler in Prison

26. Dawes Plan

27. Political Representation in the Weimar Republic, 1920 - 1933

28. Pacifism

29. Search for Security ● The European states were horrified by the brutality of WWI and they did not want to repeat it ● They signed a series of treaties they thought would prevent future problems

30. Washington Naval Conference, 1921 - 1922

31. Maginot Line

32. 4. Describe the Treaty of Locarno.

33. Locarno Pact, 1925 ● Germany ended its objections to its loss of territory ● All states agreed to cooperate

34. Kellogg-Briand Pact, 1928 ● 65 States agree to renounce war as national policy ● Problem! How to enforce?

35. 1. 1. What was the significance of the Japanese political invasion of Manchuria?

36. The Great Depression

37. 1. 1. Explain the major weaknesses in the prosperity of the 1920s.

38. 2. 2. What brought on the stock market crash of October 1929? Describe the events that followed the financial crisis.

39. Stock Market Crash of 1929

40. The Great Depression, 1929 - 1941

41. 3. 3. Explain the impact of the Depression of the world economy.

42. 4. 4. How did unemployment affect people’s political developments?

43. Unemployment Number and Percentage, 1930 - 1938

44. 5. 5. Describe the economic measures taken by governments during the depression.

45. Reaction to Crisis Many people blamed old European ideas for causing the crash and the problems of Europe. They looked for new ways of government and economics FASCISM AND COMMUNISM

46. Summary ● After World War One, Europe was “Lost” ● The Weimar Republic struggled to keep Germany stable ● Diplomatically, Pacifism dominated ● Following the NY Stock Market crash, Europe went into a deep Depression – Worse than the USA – Germany was hit the hardest