1. TREATMENT MEETS PUNISHMENT – clash of cultures Liisa Kallio, Finland

2. Kisko Community Treatment® Therapeutic community for adult drug addicts, founded 1985 Daytop-model as a base Transactional analysis AA&NA –programs Basic treatment, re-entry, aftercare, open- care, follow-up, program for adolescents 1,5 years + 5 years follow-up

3. Prison programs  Two programs in four prisons today (South & North Finland)  Accredited program with set of manuals  First part of treatment (addiction questions) in closed prison  Second part (therapy,change) in open prison  Project 1997-1999 financed by Finland´s Slotmachine Association  Third part (re-entry) after prison sentence, (voluntary) follow-up

4.  Jouni Tourunen: The eye of suspicion – A study on a ward for substance abuse rehabilitation in prison. Helsinki 2000.  Erich Fromm: Theory of different cultures  Stefan Sandström: The four stages of change process  Berne & Karpman: Theory of games in Transactional Analysis

5. Erich Fromm: Connection between culture and person ”One cannot understand a person without knowing the culture he/she is in” ”How can one understand culture without understanding a person”

6. Three different types of cultures 1. Biophilic culture 2. Sado-masochistic culture 3. Necrophilic culture

7. Biophilic culture  Equality, well-being  Life is an adventure, not an achievement  Primitive, only minor differencies between women and men  Power comes from life experience, not from material

8.  Authority, despise weakness / praise power  Harrassment / mobbing  Power and control  Experience of existence coming from control not from love  Only two roles: vulnerable / weak and authority / assaulter  Compulsive working creates power, identity and values 2. Sado-masochistic culture

9. Attracted by destruction, sickness and other dead issues Materia is more important than people Most people own very little, few own a lot Power comes from owning & material 3. Necropfilic culture

10. TC / Prison culture ? 1. Biophilic culture  equality, well-being  life is an adventure, not an achievement  primitive, only minor differencies between women and men  power comes from life experience, not from material 2. Sado-masochistic culture authority, despise weakness / praise power harrassment / mobbing power and control experience of existence coming from control not from love only two roles: vulnerable / weak and authority / assaulter compulsive working creates power, identity and values

11. The four stages of change process (Psychosocial Diagnostic System by Stefan Sandström, 1995) Attachment Structure Resistance Change/work

12. Tensions between different roles Rescuer (Specialized workers) Victim (Inmates) Persecutor (Guards)

13. Attachment Structure Resistance Change/work - building trust by taking care - rules by (healthy) control - information - different techniques The four stages of change process

14. Requirements Continuous co-operation between prison and treatment organizations is a base for trust Continuous discussion about common goals Shared training and supervision are base for development in the same direction Trust in professional skills among prison and treatment program workers Contracts and skills to react to tensions occuring between two different cultures

15. …  Residents live and work on separate ward.  Structured days with work, meetings, therapeutic groups, encounter groups, individual discussions (if needed), leisure- time activities etc.  Hierarchical structure, with senior residents as role models

16. Requirements from.. Treatment program Clear structured program Program focused both on criminality and abuse problems Clear structure for after care Prisons Clear financing Co-operation with treatment program outside of prison Staff commited to training and supervision

17. THANK YOU!